Volume 2 - Issue 1
Authors : Martin Acuña, Carlos Paredes, William López, Juan Tacuri*
The best control strategy for handling a situation where multiple outbreaks
of an infectious disease are likely to occur, as in the COVID-19 pandemic, was
laid down some time ago [1]. However, it was soon noticed that even with
large-scale vaccination, for a disease with such a high contagiousness and
short-lived immunity, the creation of herd immunity might be elusive [2]. SARS-
CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has been subject to a rapid genetic
drift since the onset of the pandemic in late 2019 [3]. Another challenge would
be to reckon to what extent vaccination drives the evolution of variant SARS-
CoV-2 viruses
Authors : Emma M. Schnittka, BS* ,Nick W. Lanpher, BA,Jacqueline Sylvester,MD, FACOG
A typical menstrual cycle averages 24 to 38 days, lasts 7 to 9 days, and involves approximately 5 to 80 milliliters of blood loss. Variation from these
parameters characterizes abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), a condition affecting up to one-third of women. AUB can have both structural and non-
structural causes. Structural causes are often notated using the pneumonic
PALM—polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and malignancy or hyperplasia.
Non-structural causes are abbreviated COEIN—coagulopathy, ovulatory
dysfunction, endometrial disorders, iatrogenic, or not classified [1].
Authors : Yi-Ming Tian, Tao Li, Hongyuan Gu, Rui Wang*, Chunming Ma, Rui Wang
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) occurs in 20-40% of patients with diabetes, it
has become one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)[1].
Typically, chronic kidney dis-ease (CKD) develops over 10 years after diagnosis
of type 1 diabetes, but may be present at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Middle-elderly patients have a relatively high preva-lence of type 2 diabetes.
Therefore, it’s important to concern the early diagnosis of DN in this segment
of population.
Authors : Natalia Cabrera Almonte, Elona Malja, Arzu Canan*
A 61-year-old woman with acute encephalopathy and acute cholecystitis,
was found to have elevated troponin (high-sensitive troponin: 978 ng/L; >52
ng/L: abnormal), regional wall motion abnormality of mid anterior and septal
segments and 50% LVEF on transthoracic echocardiography (Movie 1), without
EKG changes. Patient denied chest pain, shortness of breath or palpitation.
Subsequent CTA demonstrated no coronary artery disease.
Authors : Brooke Bidwell, Autumn Loichle*, Tyler Santos, Syed Tirmazi
Antipsychotics are the first-line treatment for psychotic disorders, which
have antagonistic effects on the D2 dopamine-receptor, reducing dopamine
mediated transmission. Over time, however, the antagonistic effects of
antipsychotics can lead to an upregulation of the D2 receptors to produce
receptor supersensitivity in the striatum. The enhanced affinity of dopamine
for its receptors is thought to contribute to the phenomenon of dopamine
supersensitivity psychosis (SP).
Authors : Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani*
New species emerge as powerful forces in the health environment. This is
especially evident in gastroenterology, but the same changes occur in most
specialties. All aspects of gastroenterology care are assessed to quickly
develop and expand specialized nurses, replace medical specialists, or as main
caregivers. Gastroenterology nurses play various roles in all settings where
gastrointestinal (GI) care, testing, and procedures are performed.
Authors : Mercy Gatua, Nicholas O. Abinya, Noel Onyango, Serah Kaggia,Emily Rogena, Shaymaa Khattab, Ashraf Elghandour, Manal Elsorady,
Giuseppe Visani, Pier Paolo Piccaluga
The t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is the most common translocation in B-cell malignancies; in particular, it is found in about 90% of follicular
lymphomas, being the chromosomal hallmark of this tumor, and in about 20-25% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas(1–4). Only a few cases of de novo
B-acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL) carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21) have been
described(5–13). Most of these cases presented with additional chromosomal
abnormalities, often involving band 8q24 and/or MYC rearrangement and hada very aggressive clinical course(5,6,8,9,12).
Authors : Fariborz Rousta, Mohsen Sokouti, Samad Beheshty Rouy, Sina Parsay*
Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. It remains a disease with a high rate of mortality in the world
especially in developing and low-income countries 1. Extrapulmonary
tuberculosis occurs in about 10% -20% of patients and the most common forms
of involvement are tuberculous Lymphadenitis and tuberculous pleural effusion
2.
Authors : D.Milovanovic, F. Fiedler
One of the most serious problems of therapeutic hysteroscopic procedures
nowadays depending on a distending media in use, remains a fluid overload
with concomitant electrolyte imbalance. This rare but very life threatening
condition remains of great concern and requires interdisciplinary management
from experts of different fields such as anesthesiology, intensive care, cardiology
and nephrology.
Authors : Sokchan Sim, Yoshifumi Okada
Pneumocephalus is an air entrapment in the cranial cavity. It is commonly
seen after head and facial trauma, ear infections, and tumors of the skull
base or neurosurgical interventions. In some extremely rare cases, it happens
spontaneously. Pneumocephalus is a complication of head injury in 3.9–9.7%
of the cases. The accumulation of intracranial air can be acute (<72 h) or
delayed (≥72 h). In tension pneumocephalus, the continuous accumulation of
intracranial air is thought to be caused by a “ball-valve” mechanism. In turn,
this may lead to a mass effect on the brain, with subsequent neurological
deterioration and signs of herniation.