June Issue
Medical Images and Health Sciences
Subject Areas
Latest Articles
Authors : Jevaughn Davis MD*, Caitlyn Stewart, Haianha Desamour MD, Eric Heinz MD PhD, Anita Vincent MD
A goiter describes an enlarged thyroid gland which can cause tracheal deviation or stenosis when sufficiently large [1], presenting significant difficulty
in airway management. Careful consideration and planning must be given to the patient with a large goiter and should include thorough history and
physical exam [2], multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation, and imaging, if time allows. Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is considered the gold standard
for the anticipated difficult airway, though video laryngoscopy, amongst other techniques, can be used in combination with or instead of AFOI, with
similar success rates [3-5].
Authors : Benchaaboune kenza
A partial uterine fundial septum, class U2a according to the ESHRE/ESGE classification, in a 35 year old patient with a history of miscarriage, who
presented with a threat of premature delivery, associating uterine contractions with a cervix at 22 mm on endovaginal ultrasound, at the age of 28 SA. It should
also be noted that the fetal MRI showed a diaphragmatic hernia.
Authors : Islam KMT, Amin MR, Rahman MA, Alam S, Haque M
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rarely by M. bovis, which is very common in developing countries like
Bangladesh. Vertebral bodies are common site of extra-pulmonary involvement by TB. Although spinal TB is not very common in young children, pott’s disease
affecting children and requiring surgical intervention have been reported. But in children, this surgery is often challenging due to greater technical difficulty
with instrumentation. A 9-year-old girl presented with paraplegia due to compressive dorsal myelopathy due to pott’s disease at D4- D5 level.
Authors : Vedat Goral, Ece Altun, Ferhat Ozden, Omur Gokmen Sevindik, Alper Çagri Karci, Kerem Mert Goral
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with an unknown pathogenesis. It is thought that environmental factors, infections,
immunological and genetic factors play a role in its etiology. LCH is a disorder of antigen presenting cells. It is the most common disease of the monocytic
phagocytic system. In his histopathology; Inflammatory cells such as T-cells, eosinophils, macrophages as well as Langerhans cells, multinucleated giant cells
attract attention.
Authors : Dr.Pavithra Prabakaran
Light is a form of electromagnetic energy that behaves as a particle and a wave. The basic unit of this energy is called a photon. Laser light and
ordinary light are significantly different. Laser light is monochromic; in dental applications that color may be visible or invisible.
Authors : Warong Warasavet1, Thitiwan Teparat-Burana2
Dark gingival pigmentation is a common esthetic problem. Racial pigmentation occurs in varying degrees. The gingiva is the most frequently
pigmented intraoral tissue[1]. Melanin, produced by melanocytes in the basal and spinous layers of the gingival epithelium is the most common physiologic
pigmentation[2] and normally manifests on the labial attached gingiva[3]. Various methods are used for depigmentation[4]. Surgical methods include
scalpel surgery[5-7] , bur abrasion[8, 9], electrosurgery[5, 10], cryosurgery[8,11, 12], laser[13-17, 21-28] and free gingival graft[1, 18, 19]. Chemical methods
are also available[20].
Authors : Belmares- González, A. A., Belmares-González, J. E. Elizondo-Hernández, M.F., Morones- Machado, O.N., Osorio-Ramos, E., Ortiz-Díaz, J., Rumay-
or-Piña, A., Vargas-Segura, A.I*
The PF would be identified after the evaluation of dental, gingival, and
bone aspects. Each of these three aspects involves the analysis of different additional elements such as dental aspects, gingival morphologies, and bone
characteristics, such as the thickness of the buccal plates. The new classification determines two types of gingival phenotypes: thin
gingival phenotype and thick gingival phenotype .
Authors : Tlaite Oubaddi*, Siham El Haddad, Basma Beqqali, Nazik Allali, Latifa Chat
Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a lysosomal storage disease caused by arylsulfatase deficiency, which results in lipid accumulation leading to
impaired myelination. It is the most frequent inherited leukodystrophy with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Brain MRI reveals in T2WI, bilateral
and symmetrical high signal intensity abnormalities of the white matter with low signal intensity bands creating a characteristic “Tigroid appearance” (Fig 1A,
yellow arrows), initially reaching the periventricular white matter, the posterior
limb of the internal capsules and the cerebellum (Fig 1B, white arrows), with sparing of the ubcortical U fibers.
Authors : Zineb IZI*, Asaad EL BAKKARI, Najwa AMSIGUINE, Soukaina ALLIOUI,
Hatim ESSABER, Hounayda JERGUIGUE, Youssef OMOR, Rachida LATIB.
A 49-year-old man, a heavy smoker, was admitted to our hospital with a lung lesion of about 7 cm in diameter in the right upper lobe with the histologic
diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed a right upper lobe lung
mass (74 x 69mm) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy that did not involve the chest wall with thrombosis of the superior vena cava (Figure 1). On further
staging, brain metastasis was detected and a lesion in the soft tissue in theleft lower paraspinal muscle (17 x 16 mm) (figure 2) without evident contact
with the ribs or the parietal pleura.
Authors : N.alaoui mhammedi*, Mosatafa Ahssaini , Soufiane Mellas, Jalal Eddine
El Ammari, Mohamed Fadl Tazi, Jamal Mohammed El Fassi and Hassan MY Farih
Prostate cancer is a significant public health issue, with an estimated incidence of 2,332 cases per year in Morocco, ranking as the second most
prevalent cancer type after lung cancer. Prostate biopsy is recommended when an abnormality is found during a digital rectal exam or if the PSA level is
elevated. Ultrasound technology is used to guide biopsies towards suspicious zones, allowing for precise mapping. This study aims to evaluate the technique,
results, and complications of prostate biopsy at the University Hospital of Fez's urology department.
Authors : N.alaoui mhammedi*, Mosatafa Ahssaini , Soufiane Mellas, Jalal Eddine
El Ammari, Mohamed Fadl Tazi, Jamal Mohammed El Fassi and Hassan MY Farih
Varicocele is a condition in which the scrotal veins of the pampiniform plexus become abnormally dilated and tortuous. It is prevalent in 15% to 20% of
men, 35% of men with primary infertility, and over 70% of men with secondary infertility. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, with paraclinical tests such as ultrasound
and echodoppler used to confirm the diagnosis and assess its impact on the testicle. The spermogram is often used to guide treatment decisions, but the
effectiveness of varicocele treatment on male fertility improvement is still debated.
Authors : Bridget O. Amechi, Okechukwu E. Obiora
There is an increase in trend in the development of multi-drug resistance(MDR) by Klebsiella globally which is a public health issue. The mortality
rates among patients infected with MDR Klebsiella are as high as 64.0%. [1]. Klebsiella species have been implicated in most hospital-acquired human
infections. However, Klebsiella pneumoniae is said to be the most important opportunistic pathogen of human infections followed by K. oxytoca, K. azaenae,
and K. rhinoscleromatis [2]. Klebsiella pneumoniae has been identified as the
cause of 3 - 30% of neonatal septicemias, 7 - 14% of nosocomial pneumonia, 2 - 4% of wound infections, and 4 - 15% of septicemias [2].
Authors : Jefferson de Souza Epifanio* and Joao Gabriel dos Santos Monteiro Nunes
Post-activation potentiation (PPA) is a physiological phenomenon capable of increasing muscle performance during high-intensity physical
exercises. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the central and local mechanisms of potentialization of physical performance through
conditioning activities of upper and lower limbs, seeking in this way to know which mechanism of potentialization of physical performance brings more
significant results and if the flexion exercises of arm and jumps against movements presents significant values to trigger potentiation.
Authors : Maria Camila Ramírez, Hugo Páez Ardila, Juan Felipe Casallas, Oscar Briceño Ricaurte
Adjuvant-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome (ASIA) is a rare manifestation, first proposed in 2011 by Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin,
characterized by the presence of varied manifestations and non-specific symptoms that may represent rheumatological entities and generate an
immune response after the application of a substance that acts as an adjuvant or materials for aesthetic purposes 1 among the most frequent are hyaluronic
acid, methacrylate compounds, various oils and silicone that has been used in
prostheses articular, mammary and laryngeal 1,2.
Authors : Ramirez C, Paez H , Briceno O
Every year, more than 1,000 patients are hospitalized due to adverse
drug effects, mostly antimicrobial therapies, since they cause cardiac, renal, hepatic, and neurological toxicity (1). In Europe it is estimated that 5% of all
hospitalizations are secondary to a drug reaction and close to 5% of hospitalized patients present some type of response to drugs during their hospital stay.
Authors : Hugo Páez, Camila Ramírez*, Felipe Casallas, Oscar Briceño
Syphilis is an infectious-contagious disease with a high prevalence
worldwide, especially in homosexual patients and with a diagnosis of HIV. Its incidence is higher in Africa, Europe, the lower part of the Pacific West and
the American continent, with the United States being the country with the most reported cases. (1) It is produced by the microorganism Treponema
Pallidum subspecies Pallidum, belonging to the order of spirochetes, with a size
of 6-9 microns, its transmission is sexual with lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination.
Authors : JC Montemayor, PT, DPT, Luke Lemings, MA, ATC, CSCS
A long thoracic nerve injury causes the unique phenomenon of scapular winging. Scapular winging occurs when the serratus anterior muscle loses
function. Loss of function of the serratus anterior occurs when there is compression or traction of the long thoracic nerve. Consequentially the medial
side of the scapula is not tethered down, causing the scapula to wing. Because of the paralysis of the serratus anterior, there is a decrease in range of motion
(ROM) into shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, or any combination of the two.1 Weakness and discomfort in the affected shoulder may be present due
to an atrophied serratus anterior, especially in shoulder flexion and scapular protraction.
Authors : K.Sudheer kumar, B.V.Thimma reddy, E.Lilly grace, B.Uday kumar chowdary, R.Hemanth kumar, J.Raghavendra kumar
Children having malocclusion in the mixed dentition period are often delayed for treatment until all permanent teeth erupt or are given removable
appliances which only result in limited tooth movement.1 A stage of transition from primary to permanent dentition is the period that mostly presents with
malocclusion due to various factors. Among the problems most often seen in the mixed dentition period is the anterior crossbite.
Authors : Arifa Aziz*, Adeeba Zaki, Iffat Shehzad
Transtuzumab induced cardiotoxicity is generally reversible and can usually be managed with medical treatment. Cardiac function is improved
both in patients who continue trastuzumab and in those in whom further therapy is withdrawn, indicating that with careful cardiac management by
cardiologist, anticancer therapy can be continued. It is generally accepted that, unlike anthracyclines, the cardiotoxicity caused by trastuzumab is not dose dependent, does not occur in all patients, and is reversible.
Authors : Gregor Reid*
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee occurs in over one third of subjects over 60 years of age and consists of joint damage
and cartilage loss. The chronic degenerative condition results in pain, reduced joint motion, stiffness and can cause an
inability to participate in certain sports. An association with co-factors such as obesity, depression and injury have led
to interventions that address these issues, including diet, exercise, topical and oral pharmacotherapy.
Authors : Vittorakis Eftychios*, Sinanis Theodoris
ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is a frequent manifestation of coronary heart disease (CAD). The standard medical practice in centers equipped with a heart catheterization laboratory involves performing an
immediate coronary angiogram with angioplasty of the responsible lesion. This case report describes a patient with lateral STEMI where identification of the
culprit lesion causing the myocardial infarction was challenging.
Authors : Vittorakis Eftychios*, Sinanis Theodoris
Synchronised electrical cardioversion is a standardized treatment approach for the rhythm control of patients with atrial fibrillation. Its application
can occur both in emergency and non emergency settings. This is a case of a cardiogenic shock following a synchronized electrical cardioversion
and the necessity of mechanical circulation to resolve it. This case report underlines the need of performing this procedure in intensive monitor
environment, where all possible ways of circulation support are present.
Authors : Vittorakis Eftychios*, Diakakis F. Georgios, Frantzeskaki Stavroula, Sinanis Thodoris, Perogamvrakis Georgios,
Grammatikopoulos Kyriakos, Michelakis Emmanouil, Giannoulaki Georgia, Vittorakis Evangelos, Kafkala Krystalenia, Maragkoudakis Spyridon
Kounis syndrome is a rare acute allergic reaction that can lead to the inflammation of the coronary arteries, reduced blood flow to the heart,
and damage to heart cells, potentially leading to symptoms of heart failure. The condition is typically triggered by an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction
to an external stimulus, such as medications, insect bites, or environmental allergens [1]. Kounis syndrome can present with a wide range of clinical
features, depending on the severity and location of the coronary artery spasm and the degree of cardiac dysfunction.
Authors : Sari Krepel Volsky, MD*, Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan, PhD, Shlomit Shalitin, MD
Over the past few decades, childhood obesity rates have increased globally
(1). In the pediatric age group, the development of obesity is influenced by
genetics, behavioral patterns (2), and socioeconomic status (3). Childhood
obesity is associated with various immediate and long-term illnesses such as
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), heart
disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer (4).
Authors : Naveed Nilforushan, Farhad Najafzadeh*
Glaucoma Drainage Devices (GDDs) are valuable tools for surgical management of glaucoma, especially in refractory cases. It is believed that
GDDs can effectively reduce IOP when the risk of filtering procedure failure is high (1). The Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV, FDA approved in 1993) is a safe,
effective, and popular type of GDD used in patients with uncontrolled glaucoma (2). Being a less complex surgical procedure with fewer complications, AGV
surgery has become increasingly popular among surgeons (3,).
Authors : Amr Hosny, MD, Mona A Amin, MD*, Ahmed Magdy, Ali Mohsen
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is a group of disorders, which present only with features of portal hypertension (PHT) without any evidence of significant
parenchymal liver dysfunction. (1) Diseases leading to NCPH are primarily vascular in nature and classified anatomically on the basis of site of
resistance to blood flow as prehepatic, hepatic and posthepatic.
Authors : Aleme Benjamin Miaba; Abel Charles Fortune*
This study determined the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on
highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the University of Port Harcourt
Teaching Hospital.
Authors : Abel Charles*
An athlete is defined by the Webstar English dictionary, as an individual that participates in a sporting activity, such as running, swimming, walking,
football, table tennis and any other recreational or competitive activity that involves physical exertion and energy expenditure. Athletic activities require
physical, mental and emotional wellbeing for an optimal output. Thus, the cardiovascular system is important and its role is very critical to the athlete,
as it contributes to the overall performance of the athlete.
Authors : TABBAK Khalil*
Radiocarpal fracture-dislocation is a rare injury [1,2]. Open dislocations constitute an even smaller subgroup, representing 0.2% of all dislocations [3]. It
is defined by a total and permanent loss of contact between the carpal unit and the lower articular surface of the forearm's two bones. It is often accompanied
by fractures and its isolated form remains exceptional [5]. This injury occurs as
a result of violent trauma, explaining the frequency of associated injuries.
Authors : Marieta Dumitrache*, MD, PhD
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an acute, rare but serious vasculitis, triggered by a type III hypersensitivity reaction, clinically manifested by a maculo-vesiculo-
bullous erythematous eruption and hemorrhagic skin-mucosal erosions, accompanied by rapidly progressive complications. SJS is an important cause
of ocular morbidity. The ocular manifestations in SJS are multiple, variable, some very serious, affecting the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea (infiltrate, corneal
ulcerations, with or without corneal perforation), possibly accompanied by ocular complications and sequelae (cicatricial eyelid lesions, corneal
perforation, endophthalmitis, corneal leukoma, corneal neovascularization, vision loss).
Authors : Marieta Dumitrache*, MD, PhD
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a sporadic dysembryopathy, a neuro-oculo-cutaneous phakomatosis, which is characterized by capillary, facial, ocular and
cerebral malformations, with the presence of congenital vascular mesodermal hamartomas. In its full form, SWS presents: facial angioma, leptomeningeal
hemangioma, and ocular abnormalities with glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma.
Authors : Chineze Helen Ugwu, Edith Nnenna Oketah, Phillip Oritsegbubemi
Okerentugba, NnennaFrank-Peterside, Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko*
Hepatitis B and HIV infections are significant public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa, and research suggests that co-infected individuals with
either HBV or HIV experience a higher rate of HIV progression. A significant public health issue that still affects 36.7 (30.8-42.9) million people worldwide is
HIV-1 (Nazziwa et al., 2020). According to WHO estimates, 37.7 million people
globally had HIV as of 2020, with the majority residing in LMICs (low-and middleincome countries) (WHO, 2021).
Authors : Masao Suzuki, Shoko Kawamura, Hideki Mori*
Sebaceous gland is closely related to the hair follicle, forming the pilosebaceous apparatus, most commonly in face and scalp, but occasionally
in aberrant areas. Ectopic sebaceous glands (ESG) have been found in organs of ectodermal origin, such as lips, oral cavity and parotid glands. ESG in esophagus
are rare, since the organ is endodermal-derived tissue. The first report of gross findings of ESG was based on the autopsies in 1962, which revealed ESG in
approximately 2% of the totals (1). Since then, less than 50 cases have been identified and presented in the medical literature (2). For the advance of
endoscopic screening, cases of ESG have been incidentally found during routine upper endoscopy for other reasons (2, 3).
Authors : Chait Fatima*, MD; Bahlouli Nourrelhouda , MD; Ramdani Hanae, MD; Jroundi Leila , MD; Laamrani FZ,MD.
Lymphomatous leptomeningitis, refers to the spread of malignant cells into the CSF space by haematogenous spread. The clinical presentation is varied.
Headache is the main symptom. MRI shows a leptomeningeal thickening with intermediate signal on T2 ( ‘’A ‘’ white arrow) , Flair and T1, strongly
enhanced after injection of gadolinium ( “B-C ‘’white arrow).
Authors : F. Chait*, N. Bahlouli, H. Ramdani, L. Jroundi, FZ. Laamrani
Hypoglycemic encephalopathy is a metabolic desordre secondary to an extremely low blood glucose, It is a common complication in diabetic patients.
Here we report the case of a 27 year-old women with hypoglycemic encephalopathy, after injecting herself insulin for suicidal purposes.Cerebral MRI, especially DWI, can provide valuable information and play an
important role for the diagnosis of hypoglycemic encephalopathy.
Authors : Natalie C. Chamness, BBA* ,Kaley Haney, BS ,Laurel Humphrey, MD ,J. Patrick Walker, MD
Although the lifetime risk of strangulated hernia is low, 1-3%, hernia strangulation accounts for approximately 10% of surgical procedures for acute
ischemic bowel [3, 20]. Emergency abdominal hernia repairs have worse outcomes including elevated mortality, and increased need for reoperation
or readmission rates when compared to patients who underwent an elective repair [18]. Hernia defects of 3-4 cm, hernias located periumbilical, and
multiple adhesive bands within the hernia sac all increase the risk for emergency repair of hernias [18, 19, 20].
Authors : Zulay Palima González*, Miccelis Escalante, Heriberto López, Ligia Pérez
One of the innumerable pathologies that frequents oral surgery is the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, (TOA) a tumor that over the years has been
studied and carried with it different theories about its origin and names. TOA is a benign, slow-growing neoplasm that can be observed clinically as an increase
in volume both extra and intraorally, it is asymptomatic and non-invasive. This same has been classified by the World Health Organization (2017) as an epithelial
odontogenic tumor with a varied histoarchitectural pattern of a mature fibrous stroma without odontogenic ectomesenchyme, with structures and with induction in the
connective tissue of variable degree1.
Authors : Paul Mutani*, John Changalucha, Albert Katembo, George Constantine, Caroline Maxwell, Saidi Kapiga, Kathy Baisley,
Charles J Lacey, Deborah Watson- Jones.
Legg Calvé Perthes Disease (LCPD) is a common public health problem of the childhood that was firstly described in 1910 by three physicians working
independently, including Thornton Legg, Jacques Calvé, and George Perthes. It affects children of the age between 2 and 15 years but more commonly children
of the age between 4 and 8 years.
Authors : Sadia Bashir, Rao Zahid Sattar*, and Sheraz Khan
Toxicology is the study of the dangerous effects of organic substances on living organisms (Mercatelli et al., 2020). It is therefore the repetition of
establishing and handling toxic exposure as good drugs. The link between volume and effect on the object is of high importance in toxicology. Aspects
influencing organic noxiousness include volume, duration exposure (either acute or chronic), exposure route, type, age, gender, and environment (Ullah et
al., 2021). Toxicology currently contributes to the arena of Cancer research, as do other poisons that are regularly recycled as drugs to kill plant cells.
Authors : Renato Correia Barbosa*
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare inflammatory chorioretinopathy, first described by Gass in 19681. It is
classified as a white dot syndrome and has an estimated incidence of 0.15 cases per 100,000 people2,3. The most common presentation is bilateral.
It affects men and women equally, often during the 2nd to 4th decades. Its pathophysiology is not clearly understood, and the primarily affected region
of the retina is unclear4,5. Initially, it was thought that the disease primarily involved inflammation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)6,7, producing
the characteristic placoid lesions.
Authors : Dhouha Ben Salah, Khouloud Boujelben*,Hamdi frikha,Mouna Elleuch,Nadia Charfi,Fatma Mnif,Mouna Mnif,Nabila Rekik ,Faten
Hadjkacem,Mohamed Abid
Patients with Addison disease ( AD ) lack sufficient endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids (1). The treatment of AD usually involves lifelong glucocorticoid replacement
therapy, most usually oral hydrocortisone (HC).Nevertheless, glucorticoid replacement therapy usually produces cortisol levels higher than the normal physiological endogenous
secretion (2).
Authors : Shaista Bibi Jadoon, Fiza Bibi, Azra Bibi, Tahir Jadoon
Miss J was performing my duty in Obstetrics unit as acting head nurse. Her colleague Miss Z registered nurse was also performing her duty in Labor Room within unit. RN was very busy in her duty and a second year nursing
student was also buddy with her. Meanwhile, a 25 years woman pre-natal was admitted for emergency C-Section. Patient shifted to Operation-Room
for emergency C-Section with free operation medicine kit by the Labor-Room. After surgery, patient was re-shifted to the Labor-Room along with unused
remaining operation-medicine. Client was complaining of postoperative pain.
Authors : Swarup K Chakrabarti and Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay
The ongoing worldwide COVID-19 crisis not only affects the adult population, but has also put children at much greater risk of endangering their
lives. Although, the direct effects of COVID-19 infection on children in terms of hospitalizations, case fatalities, and deaths are less severe with relatively smaller
number of children experiencing severity of the COVID-19 disease1, emerging data suggest that children and adolescents’ health may be profoundly impacted
by the pandemic than originally thought in the initial phase of the pandemic.
Authors : Nnodim Johnkennedy and Ezekwonna, Celestine Sopuluchukwu
Forensic science, also known as criminalistics is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, primarily—on the criminal side—during criminal
inquiry. A variety of disciplines make up the field of forensic science, including entomology, anthropology, odontology, pathology, epidemiology, footwear
and tire tread analysis, drug chemistry, paint and glass analysis, digital audio video and photo analysis, DNA analysis, fingerprint analysis, blood stain pattern
analysis, firearms examination and ballistics, tool mark analysis, serology, toxicology, hair and fiber analysis, and more (Crime Scene Investigator EDU,
2013).
Authors : Nnodim Johnkennedy and Ezekwonna, Celestine Sopuluchukwu
In countries with little resources, like Nigeria, biosafety and biosecurity measures have proven challenging due to administrative, cultural, and
financial barriers. Diagnostic and research laboratories have made significant advancements in biosafety and biosecurity over the past ten years as a result
of increased awareness of biorisk management. Thus, it is more important than ever to find and fix biorisk management gaps. The clinical diagnostic laboratory's
goal is to consistently offer top-notch diagnostic services. Their goals are quality management, constant technical improvement, assurance of workplace safety,
and biosecurity.
Authors : Amal R. Agila
Corona virus or COVID-19 is the largest pandemic airborne disease on the earth directs to a severe acute respiratory disorder. The corona virus
sickness causes serious viral pneumonia lead to loss of taste and smell and significant respiratory disappointment. [1, 2, 3] This airborne disease affect
the survival of individuals in the world and it has been the chief source of death in non-industrial countries. [1, 4] The human respiratory system offer natural
protection, such as the mucous membrane and cilia in the lining of the airways, which hold up virus from sticking to cell surfaces and facilitate their expulsion
by sneezing or coughing, but smoking, air pollution, bad nutrition, weak vaccine damage those potentials.
Authors : Bouchra Hallab, Khansaa Layoussifi, El Yazaji Meriem
Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) antagonist, a mu and sigma opioid receptor agonist and has a long history of use as an
anaesthetic agent in humans and in veterinary Medicine[1]. New findings about ketamine's antidepressant and antisuicidal characteristics give hopes for
an effective treatment for major depressive disorder.[2].
Authors : Ogregade, I. E. and Bartimaeus, E. S.
The kidneys are vital organs that functions in maintaining homeostasis which is made possible with management of fluid levels, electrolyte balance, waste
excretion, reabsorption of nutrients, maintaining pH, osmolality, regulation of blood pressure and secretion of active compounds. it is prone to stimuli or drugs causing
nephrotoxicity, [1].
Authors : Rita Rego, MD , Irene Marques, MD
Left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy is a suspicious finding on physical examination, as an underlying malignancy can be found in 50% of cases,
especially in patients over 40 years old. Typically, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer or lymphoproliferative disease are identified [1].
Authors : Mercedes Beatriz Paredes Tenepaguay
Cerebral palsy is related to a wide range of disorders of a diverse nature,which have been delved into in great depth in recent years, which has
contributed to the development of Neuropsychology and other disciplines related to the disease (Cardenas et al. ., 2019); It has always been a challenge
to conceptualize the name of cerebral palsy in a unified way, however it has been denoted since ancient times by its symptoms that cause limitations in
daily activities or in the child in the first and subsequent moments of brain development (Amador and Montealegre, 2016 ).
Authors : Andreas Tassopoulos, Maria Mouratidou, Constantinos H Papadopoulos
A 19-year-old patient of Pakistani ethnicity was transferred to the Internal Medicine department of our hospital from a peripheral hospital due to
persistent fever and weight loss. He had been living in Greece for the previous four months and had been receiving treatment for acute pericarditis for the
previous three months. The initial findings of the workup were low-grade fever and mildly elevated inflammatory markers, while the serological tests for
common causes of persistent fever were negative.
Authors : Ashwin Singh Chouhan*, Ashish Purohit
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder named after the German physician Aloes Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906. Alzheimer's disease
is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects to the general population over 65 years of age. They are estimated to account for 50 to 60
percent of dementia cases. [1] Prevalence increases exponentially with age, from 3.0% in 65-74-year-old patients to 47.2% in 85-year-old individuals.
Authors : Daniele Peres, Clément Prati, Julie Gucciard, Nicolas Tordi
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent chronic rheumatism and manifests by synovitis, deformity joint, and loss of functionality (1). Moreover,
patients with RA often present higher cardiovascular mortality than the general population (2). Physical exercises (PE), specifically Intermittent aerobic Exercise (IE) have
been identified as one of the most efficient strategies for cardiovascular mortality (3).
Authors : Márcia Carvalho, Vânia Castro, Juliana Pereira-Macedo, Bárbara Freire, Carlos Oliveira, João Mendes, Nuno Muralha, Luís Madureira, Ricardo
Lemos, Francisco Sampaio
Cervical subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are often associated with traumatic events or surgical procedures.
In rare situations, colonic perforations can manifest as pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous cervical emphysema.
Authors : O.Hmamouche* ,M.Hammoud , F.Lakhdar , M.Benzagmout , K.Chakour , MF.Chaoui
Ewing's sarcoma is a rare bone tumor. Before the age of 20, it is the second malignant bone tumor in order of frequency (30%) behind osteosarcoma (60%)
[1]. The sites of predilection are the long bones and the pelvis. Locations in the head and neck are exceptional (2 to 6% of cases) [1,2].
The diagnostic and therapeutic are difficult because of their low incidence and the difficulties of access to this anatomical region.
Authors : Stathaki Martha, Metaxas Georgios, Christodoulidou Ioulia, Gogkou Haralambos,
Skarpidi Evangelia, Mantzouki Christina, Dimou Evelina and Armakolas Athanasios*
A 55-year-old postmenopausal, otherwise fit and healthy female, presented to our breast clinic with a few months history of a developing localized soft
swelling and fullness in the upper inner quadrant of her left breast. She had a family history of two second degree relatives with breast cancer. Four years
earlier she had an open biopsy of a reportedly palpable mass of the upper half of the same breast.
Authors : Tanna Woods*, Mary A. Nies
Obesity is a health crisis affecting all ages. Among adults 20 and older in the United States, the prevalence of obesity is 41.9% while
severe obesity is 9.2. Severe obesity increased from 4.7% to 9.2% between 2017 and March 2020. The number of children under 5 years old who are
either overweight or obese has increased to 39 million worldwide in 2020. Research shows that there is a knowledge deficit regarding how early life
weight issues can increase the risk of health issues.
Authors : Praznikov Viktor*
Vitiligo (vɪtɪˈlaɪɡoʊ (listen)), also called leukoderma, is a chronic skin disease characterized by patches of skin that lose their pigment. Affected areas of the
skin turn white and usually have sharp edges.[1] Hair on the skin may also turn white.[1] The inside of the mouth and nose may also be involved.[2] Both sides of the body are usually affected.[1] Spots often appear on areas of the skin that
are exposed to the sun.[2] This is more noticeable in people with dark skin.[2]
Vitiligo can lead to psychological distress, and those affected are sometimes stigmatized.
Authors : Vasilii Bobinov
Extracranial–intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery is commonly used to supplement cerebral blood flow (CBF) for secondary stroke prevention in
patients with symptomatic carotid occlusive disease.3,5,7 Nevertheless for patients with symptomatic nonmoyamoya cerebrovascular diseases, especially
those caused by steno-occlusive carotid artery, extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass has offered no more benefits over medical therapy in the international
randomized EC-IC study1 and the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study.6 However, EC-IC bypass still works in certain symptomatic cerebrovascular diseases.
Authors : Alexander Fisher, Emily Walsh
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, are frequently interconnected due to
common risk factors and underlying pathology involving atherosclerosis and thromboembolism. Although patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
have a subsequent risk of acute ischaemic cerebrovascular stroke and vice versa, occurrence of simultaneous AMI and acute cerebral stroke is a rare
clinical entity. These concomitant life-threatening conditions require extensive preoperative diagnostic investigation, appropriate management, and timely
intervention.
Authors : Charly Gaul
Increase of migraine frequency or pain intensity triggered by viral infections is common, in some patients a migraine status may be a consequence (1). In
most patients migraine decreases after complete resolution of the infection and the course of disease reaches previous state. Due to the pandemic situation
of SARS-CoV-2 patients switching from episodic to chronic migraine frequency are reported in close temporal relation to a COVID-19 disease (2).
Authors : Hesham Hegazi, Martin Edwards
Medical staff and allied healthcare professionals are continuously exposed to both physical and psychological strain. This will exacerbate any existing
baseline of psychological pathology and low morale in the healthcare industry in many countries [1-3].
Authors : Saima Mazhar*, Farzeen Tanwir
Many dental professionals now work more efficiently, more comfortably, and faster due to dental lasers. Delivering energy in the form of light is how
all lasers operate. The laser serves as a cutting tool or a vaporizer of tissue when it comes into contact with it during surgical and dental treatments. The
laser serves as a heat source and intensifies the effects of tooth-whitening substances when it is employed in teeth-whitening procedures.
Authors : Fahd Elkhalloufi*, Saber Boutayeb, Youssef Lamrani Alaoui, Anass Nmari, Hassan Errihani
In 2020, Morocco recorded more than 59,370 new cases of cancer. Breast cancer is the most frequent type (11,747 cases), which represents 38.9% of
female cancers (1). In Morocco, access to health care, which is a universal right, is blocked by a multitude of challenges (2). Moroccan cancer patients suffer
from poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, lack of social security, and inadequate health insurance. Cancer remains a costly disease that leads to the inevitable
impoverishment of Moroccan patients (3).
Authors : Betul Guney (ORCID: 0000-0001-9378-0912)
Since the discovery of X-rays in 1895, radiological techniques using X-rays have become increasingly important tools in medical diagnosis and treatment.
With the widespread use of imaging, other non-radiation-based imaging techniques (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) have also been
developed. The use of image-guided interventional methods to treat patients has also become common.
Authors : Abdul-Wahab Al-Allalf*, Maab F. Elhaj, Yousr Al-Allaf
Vasculitis is a class of varied disorders identified by vascular wall inflammation, with complicated and poorly identified pathophysiological
mechanisms [1]. Vaccine effects on the immune system are a debatable matter. There have been many vaccine-associated immunological adverse outcomes that have been mentioned in the literature; for instance, systemic lupus
erythematosus has been described with the papilloma vaccine, and Guillain Barre syndrome was described in association with the influenza vaccine and
immune demyelination was reported as a consequence following the hepatitis
B vaccine.
Authors : Louise Toledo, Beatriz Domingues Moreno, Andre Fattori, Silvia
Elaine Melo, Juan Yugar-Toledo , Heitor Moreno
Due to its high prevalence and the severity of its complications, hypertension
is the leading independent and modifiable risk factor in cardiovascular disease.
However, despite the significant advances in understanding the disease process
and the availability of effective diagnosis and treatment methods, identifying
the actual cause is still a considerable challenge.
Authors : Nahide Onsun1(Orcid no: 0000-0001-6259-0219), Mert, Ömer1(Orcid no:
0000-0002-4509-1167), Akaslan Tahsin Çağdaş1(Orcid no: 0000-0002-7349-5783), Geçer Ozgun Melin2(Orcid no: 0000-0003-4849-0793)
Syringoma appears as skin-colored or yellow colored papules mostly on periorbital region in adolescent females.1 Eruptive syringoma is a very
rare variant of syringoma. The pathophysiology is poorly understood. They are considered benign adnexal tumors of ecrine sweat ducts or hyperplastic
response of the eccrine ducts to an inflammatory reaction.1,2 Eruptive syringoma can present multiple papules on the neck, anterior trunk, upper
and lower extremities or pubic area. It’s more common in women, and it can be seen in the prepubertal age as well as in the postpubertal age.3 Eruptive
syringoma may associate diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, Costello syndrome and Marfan syndrome.
Authors : Janaína Luz Narciso-Schiavon, Guilherme Brolesi Anacleto,Fernanda Amorim Schmidt,
Janaína Sant’Ana Fonseca,Luiz Augusto Cardoso Lacombe, Monique Raddatz Reis Vilela,Leonardo de Lucca Schiavon
Due to a hyperinflammatory state at the clinical and molecular level and profound immunoparesis, patients with decompensated cirrhosis are at risk
of developing bacterial infections which frequently result in hospitalization1. The most common infections in cirrhosis are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,
urinary tract infection, pneumonia, spontaneous bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infection2. Clostridium difficile infection is also a prevalent type of infection in
cirrhosis and hurts the prognosis of patients. The Clostridium species is a gram positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped microbe.
Authors : Anand Dhaliwal BS*, Muzammil Akhtar BS, Daniel Razick BS, and Brent Van Hoozen MD , Alexander Chiang BS
Cellulitis is a commonly presenting acute bacterial infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissue, which falls under the broader category of skin
and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) [1]. Cellulitis typically presents as a warm, erythematous, and poorly demarcated area with tenderness to palpation
and associated edema [2]. Thorough evaluation of a patient’s history is necessary when differentiating cellulitis from other dermatological disorders,
as many inflammatory and neoplastic diagnoses appear clinically similar [4]. Major predisposing factors for developing cellulitis include previous cellulitis,
immunosuppression, and pre-existing infections
Authors : Jennifer Kaivers, Annika Kasprzak, Norbert Gattermann, Björn-Erik Ole
Jensen, Martha Holtfreter , Martina Rudelius , Ulrich Germing
A 62-year-old patient presented with fever persisting despite antibiotic treatment, weight loss and sweating for a period of several weeks. On
physical examinations hepatosplenomegaly was noticed. Increasing pancytopenia triggered bone marrow biopsy, showing expanded and dysplastic
erythropoiesis, dysmegakaryopoiesis and hypoplastic granulopoiesis. The patient was diagnosed with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Bone
marrow cells displayed a normal karyotype. Infectious disease diagnostics were negative. During the course of the disease liver enzymes, d-dimers, laboratory
markers of inflammation, coagulation parameters and pancytopenia worsened.
Authors : Cunha Lucie; Valente Adelaide Clode; Gordinho Marcelo; Pereira Maria Eduarda
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a challenging and complicated disease process to care for, despite the advance of technology used to monitor and
guide treatment. 1 TBI is defined by an alteration in the brain function, or other evidence of
brain pathology, caused by an external force. In this definition, the presence of confounding factors such as intoxication or medical illness does not preclude
a diagnosis of TBI, although clinical judgment is used to decide whether the
patient's symptoms are a consequence of the TBI.
Authors : Md. Rokibul Hasan Bhuiyan, Abdullah Al Mamun, Bishal Sharker, Md. Sadikuj Jaman
An abnormal development of breast tissue known as cancer is a problem for world health. It accounts for 25% of all cancer cases and 15% of all cancer
deaths worldwide, making it the most prevalent cancer and the main cancer
related killer of females. [1] There are presently several treatment options for
breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiation.
Authors : Abdalla Samir Nouh
Proffit stated that there are three treatment options growth modification for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion, which are differential growth
of the maxilla relative to the mandible, camouflage of the skeletal discrepancy
through tooth movements and orthognathic surgical correction.
Authors : Michael N Kammer, PhD; Paul Gomila, MS, David J Vumbaco, PhD, Fabien Maldonado, MD
The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in science writing has been the subject
of much debate in recent years. Some argue that AI has the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of science writing, while others fear that it
may lead to the replacement of human writers. In this article, we will explore the potential benefits and drawbacks of using AI in science writing and discuss
some of the challenges and opportunities that it presents.
Authors : Mohammad Karim Johari MD, Zahra Zia* MD, MPH
The coronavirus pandemic has recently challenged the medical system. Various ocular manifestations of coronavirus infection have been reported.
[1] One of the disastrous ocular manifestations detected in these patients is endophthalmitis.[2] There have been previous case series of patients with
COVID-19 pneumonia having bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (EE)
originating from the throat, kidneys, and teeth as a source of infection, and even
the COVID-19 virus had been isolated from the vitreous sample.
Authors : Niloufar Saber-Moghaddam , Sajad Ataei Azimi, Alireza Bari, Omid Arasteh
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a class of hematologic malignancies which defines as the clonal proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone
marrow(1). Various risk factors have been proposed for the occurrence of the disease, however, none of them are found in some patients. Some known risk
factors for the development of AML are older age, smoking, male sex, and
repeated exposure to chemicals such as formaldehyde and benzene (2).
Authors : Urânia Fernandes, Gonçalo Guidi, Daniela Martins, Clara Leal, Bruno
Vieira, Rita Marques, Pedro Pinheiro, Arnaldo Nunes, João Pinto-de-Sousa
Cystic lymphangioma is a benign malformation of the lymphatic system. Congenital lesions occur when primary lymphatic cysts fail to converge with
the main lymphatic system.[1, 2] Acquired lesions are caused by obstruction between lymphatic and venous systems due to inflammation, trauma or
degeneration.[3] Head and neck are more commonly affected (75%), followed by axillae (20%) and abdomen (5%).[4] Amongst abdominal cases, mesentery
is the main location but the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, liver, kidneys and adrenals may also be affected
Authors : JLiset Alfonso Rodríguez, Dunia Ferrer Lozano, Jesús Cuéllar Álvarez
This article analyzes the psychosocial complexity of child sexual abuse from a medical perspective, through a theoretical review of the main considerations
on the subject. The lack of preparation of the general medical personnel for the diagnosis and treatment of cases is recognized, as well as in mastering the care
protocols for these victims and their families. That is why a group of practical
considerations are offered for the care of these children and their families, from
primary health care services.
Authors : JPhilip Ade Ekhaiyeme, Naomi Abayomi Olagunju, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe,
Oluwaseun Juliet Bello, Pannock Habila Yatu, Oludolapo Afuwape, David Omoareghan Irabor
Colonic volvulus is a common cause of large bowel obstruction with the sigmoid colon most commonly affected. Volvulus of the transverse
colon is an uncommon occurrence. Rarer still is a transverse colon volvulus developing after surgery for a sigmoid colon volvulus. Early diagnosis is critical as
delay in detection and intervention is associated with the risk of complications
– perforation, peritonitis, and death.
Authors : JAYESH TRIVEDI*, TWINKLE RANA, HARDIK CHAUDHARY, SHAIL JANI,SAGAR SOLANKI, FARHAN PIPRANI
The subclavian steal syndrome is characterized by subclavian artery stenosis which is proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. The subclavian artery
steals reverse-flow blood from the vertebrobasilar artery circulation to supply the arm on exertion, resulting in vertebrobasilar insufficiency. The vertebrobasilar
arterial system supplies both the peripheral and central auditory and vestibular systems, in subclavian steal syndrome, neurological symptoms are expected due
to VBI (vertebrobasilar insufficiency).
Authors : Akanksha Sood, Bidisa Ghosh, Sharon Tay Yee Fong, Lamiya Mohiyiddeen*
This is a case report of a severe case of Asherman’s Syndrome who
underwent multiple hysteroscopic procedures and embryo transfers over a span
of 10 years. Her last embryo transfer was successful after the 5th hysteroscopy
and high dose estrogen treatment. She delivered preterm twin babies.
Authors : Eva G. Ortega Freyre, Alfredo Téllez Valencia, Dealmy Delgadillo Guzman, Edgar F. Lares Bayona, Graciela Zambrano Galván and Martha A.
Quintanar Escorza*
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines a pesticide as a substance or mixture of substances whose purpose is to prevent,
destroy or control any pest, including vectors of human or animal diseases, capable of causing harm (1,2). Widespread use of organophosphate pesticides
(OP) in agriculture has increased exposure as an occupational hazard, with
higher doses and more extended periods of exposure (3). Due to their fatsoluble capacity, OP can be absorbed through any of the routes: oral, dermal,
and respiratory (4), quickly passing through biological barriers. OP toxicity has
acute, delayed, and chronic effects (5,6)The decrease in acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) activity in the blood is indicative of OP poisoning.
Authors : Alaa Eddin Omar Al Ostwani*
Root fracture is a radiographic finding of dental trauma by which the cementum, dentin and pulp tissues will be separated through an oblique,
vertical, or horizontal plane at the apical, medium, or coronal level (1-3).
The apical and medium transverse fracture can be allocated using occlusal
radiograph, while the bisecting angle exposure is used to detect the cervical
fracture type (1). Furthermore, Cone Beam Computed Tomography CBCT can
be of great benefits for better visualization and determination of the site,
direction, and extension of the fracture line especially for complicated cases (1, 4).
Authors : Bonifacio Francesca MD ,Chiappino Giulia MD, Pierri Michelangelo MD,Trivelli Maurizio MD, Salvinelli Fabrizio Chief
The gusher phenomenon happens more frequently during stapes surgery
and cochlear implant placement. Violent perilymph leakage starts during
platinotomy or electrode placement and must be plugged in order not to cause
sensorineural deafness. The stapes surgery is not practicable; instead, the
positioning of cochlear implants is possible after the cleansing of cochleostomy;
furthermore, other cases of uncontrolled perilymph leakage are described in
the literature after temporal bone fracture.1,2,3This phenomenon is due to
abnormal communication between perilymphatic and subarachnoid spaces.
Authors : Ting-Yu Tsai*, Sheng-Yow Ho
Bowen's disease, or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ, has been
regarded as a cutaneous marker for internal malignancy. The most common
option is surgical removal. Surgery is usually indicated for smaller lesions.
However, Bowen’s disease occurs more often in elderly patients (with a higher
risk of comorbidities) and is frequently located on body sites with poor wound
healing. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive but effective treatment
options.
Authors : Natalli GRANZOTTO; Jéssica Cordeiro Oliveira SQUARIZ; Eduardo
Kuser ALMEIDA; Ariela Maína BOEDER; Julia Fernandez Puñal
ARAÚJO; Pamela Ramborger ANJOS, Guilherme Pasetto FADANNI;
Áurea Elizabeth LINDER; André RAMOS; Geison Souza IZÍDIO
Many studies have shown that Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping is
a virtuous strategy to find chromosomic regions related to behavioral traits
in rats. The first QTLs for emotionality in rats were identified by Ramos et al.
(1999), using the inbred strains Lewis (LEW) and SHR, which display high and
low levels of anxiety/emotionality-related behaviors, respectively (Ramos
et al., 1997). One major QTL, mapped on rat chromosome 4, modulated the
central locomotion in the open-field (OF) test later named Anxrr16 (anxietyrelated response # 16 QTL) by the Rat Genome Database (http://rgd.mcw.
edu/).
Authors : Jun Zhang M.D, Yuan Zhang M.D*
A 57-year-old man with a long-standing history of gout and non-standard
medication for 15 years, and habits of smoking and drinking for 40 years was
admitted to our hospital. His discomfort included recurrent and progressive
acute pain and motion limit of the knees. The physical examination revealed
mildly red, swelling, and tender knees with reduced ROM (range of motion)
of -20° to 60° (extension to flexion). Classic tophuses were found on both
first metatarsal-phalangeal joint. Laboratory and radiographic tests revealed
hyperuricemia (890 μmol/l, normal range 120-420 μmol/l), monosodium urate
crystals, and degenerative joint features.
Authors : Ahmed M.E.Y. KOUNOUR and Ahmed M. A. Zaitoun
BRD is one of the most common problem deterring the productive and
reproductive capacities of cattle herds (Decaris et al., 2022). BRD has been
reported with variability from 5 to 66% in feedlot cattle and it is the most costly
beef cattle disease (Snowder, 2009). BRD is a multifactorial syndrome. Stress
factors, bad management in association with various pathogens are the major
factors causing BRD in cattle herds (Sayed and Zaitoun, 2009, Taylor et al., 2010,
Gaeta et al., 2018, El-Seedy et al., 2020 and Hashem et al., 2022).
Authors : Zineb IZI*, Siham EL HADDAD, Nazik ALLALI, Latifa CHAT
We report the case of a 47-year-old female patient who presented with
a palpable mass and had no family history of breast cancer. The physical
examination found a soft and mobile nodular lesion of the medial lower right
breast with no cutaneous changes.
There was no axillary or supraclavicular lymphadenopathies found.
Mammography showed a well-circumscribed oval solid mass surrounded
by a thin pseudocapsule with a mixed density (figure 2). with no micro- or
macrocalcifications.
Authors : Fawwaz Freih Alshammarie*, Yasmeen Ali Muraizeq, Rahaf Turki Aldhaban, Asma Mohammed Almutairi, Monerah Thaar Alshammari
The safe use of drugs remains a critical issue for all health care professionals
include physicians, pharmacists and nurses as well as public (1). Drug
reaction is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as a response to a
drug which is harms and unintended, occurs at normal doses used in human
for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease (2). Multi-type reactions
can result, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis,
and eosinophilia associated with drug reactions, or acute generalized
exanthemata's pustulosis (3).
Authors : Shazim Harunani*
Surgical abdomino-pelvic emergencies are clinical conditions of sudden
onset that may require urgent operative intervention. Abdomino-pelvic surgical
emergencies represents more than half of all emergency surgical admissions(1).
Non traumatic abdominal surgical emergencies represent bulk of these(2). It
comprises of 54% of the admissions in Saudi Arabia(3) while in United kingdom
it represents about 50 % (2). In Kenya, we still do not have data regarding
abdomino-pelvic emergencies as a whole, however studies about abdominal
emergencies seperatately have been published.
Authors : Kamela Skrame, Edmond Zaimi, Ergys Ramosaço, Elizana Petrela
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joint which is characterizes by fibrillation and erosion in cartilage, chondrocyte proliferation
and osteophyte formation at the joint margins, and sclerosis of subchondral bone1.
Osteoarthritis affects all joints, but the knee joint is most often affected.
Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, in the US, it is estimated
that approximately 14 million people have symptomatic knee osteoarthritis2.
Authors : Dr Denis Yahiaoui, Dr Marc Basik, Dr François Panet, Dr Lawrence Panasci*
Patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer have a short median
survival (17 months) (1). In these patients, first line chemotherapy results in less
than 5% complete remissions while second or third line chemotherapy almost
never results in sustained complete remission. Two important classes of anticancer drugs utilized to treat metastatic
breast cancer are: (a) vinca alkaloids such as vinorelbine and (b) taxanes such as
paclitaxel (2).
Authors : Dr Arifa Aziz, Dr Adeeba Zaki, Dr Kiran Afraz, Afsheen Feroz
Bevacizumab is an angiogenesis inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic
colorectal cancer, advanced non squamous non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, recurrent
glio-blastoma, advanced cervical cancer, and platinumresistant ovarian cancer. It is also approved for treatment
of metastatic breast cancer(1).. Bevacizumab is typically administered intravenously in the dose range of 5–15 mg/
kg every 2 or 3 weeks.
Authors : Roy S. Horowitz, M.D. ; Rivka Drezner Pollak, M.D. ; Meir Liebergall, M.D. ; Omer Or, M.D.
Ribbing Disease is a rare yet probably under-reported etiology for severe
pain of the long bones, especially of the tibiae. Only few reported cases were
published without any clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Patients
often go unnoticed for years until diagnosis is made, assuming diagnosis is
made at all. There are few treatment options which can alleviate the patient
symptoms, albeit none directly address the disease's etiology.
Authors : Dr Dale Ventour*
Loop diuretics can be used in critical care to manipulate urine output in
patients with hypoperfusion. Loop diuretics benefit the renal medulla during
hypoxia by decreasing the tubular energy requirements(1, 2), which makes
it a very attractive addition for patients with septic hypoperfusion. A Metaanalysis by K M Ho et al 2006 did not find in reduction in in-hospital mortality,
requirement for dialysis, length of stay or number of patients remaining
oliguric(3). A positive diuretic response to furosemide may indicate that the
patient is in the ‘de-resuscitative’ phase of sepsis and that renal impairment is
less severe
Authors : Berhe Tesfai MD, Okbu Frezgi MD, Hagos Tekle MD, Khalid Hussien MD
Androgen insensitivity syndrome in its complete form is a disorder of hormone resistance characterized by a female phenotype in an individual with
an XY karyotype and testes producing age-appropriate normal concentrations
of androgens.1 This is resulted from mutations in the X-linked androgen
receptor gene, which encodes for the ligand-activated androgen receptor—a
transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
Authors : Adam Bernstein, Heidi Pottinger, Jeffrey Miller, Theodore Trouard*,Burris Duncan
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a descriptive term for a group of disorders of
movement and posture causing limitations or dysfunction of activity. The
etiology is a non-progressive insult or injury to the central nervous system (CNS)
when the brain is undergoing its most rapid development [1]. CP is the most
frequent cause of childhood disability with overall prevalence rates in the U.S. of
3.1 per 1000 live births. Whereas, there is no cure for CP, there are a number of
different treatment options, depending on severity and presentation, that can
improve quality of life.
Authors : Prasetyaningsih, Setia Nisa
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an indicator to see the health status of women. MMR becomes one of the third targets of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), which is to ensure a healthy life and encourage well-being for
people in all stages of age. The SDGs target is 70 per 100.000 at the end of
2030. 359 of MMR per 100.000 live births is still considered high, while the
target at the end of 2019 was 306 per 100.000 live births (Ministry of Health,
2015). Government and society take responsibility to ensure that every woman
has access to a high quality of maternal health services ranging from the
time of pregnancy, childbirth assistance from trained medical personnel, and
maternal postpartum care, and access to family planning.
Authors : Aoife Naughton FRCOphth, Naresh Joshi FRCOphth
Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler treatments are increasingly used in periocular
rejuvenation, as they appear to offer a safe and versatile method of volume
augmentation. Given their rising popularity among younger patients, it is
increasingly likely that oculoplastic surgeons will encounter patients who
have undergone prior periocular HA filler treatments, subsequently requiring
blepharoplasties at a later time point. Their longer-term effect on eyelid
anatomy remains uncertain however, and careful consideration needs to be
given to the perioperative planning and management of these patients.
Authors : Ngoy KD, Katumba NW*
Neural plate develops in various steps as depicted in Carnegie classification
until reaching the neural tube's complete closure between 26-28th day post fecundation1. During embryogenesis, eye development can be altered alone
or in a syndromic fashion, producing optic coloboma between 7mm and 14mm
stages2. When coloboma, defined as a closure defect of chorioid or optic
fissure, is associated with anophthalmia, it usually displays a wide range of
malformations leading to 10-15% of congenital blindness child population2,3.
We report a case of a patient born in a consanguineous family and presenting
with retinoschisis.
Authors : Killa Claris, Kaiyen Afi Leslie, TANGA Grace
The importance of quality in the functioning of
health care laboratories in developing countries has
been universally recognized. Laboratories practicing the
principles of quality assurance generate relevant, reliable
and cost-effective results. Quality means meeting the
standards. The standards are predetermined requirements
for a particular substance or service. (Mayura et al., 2005).
Authors : Gregory P. Swanson MD and Prashant C. Shah MD
Thymus cancers are rare. The standard preferred treatment has been
complete resection. The role of radiation has been reserved for postoperative
treatment or for palliation. Response to radiation is not well documented. Less
well defined is whether inoperable tumors can be rendered operable.
Authors : Dr Shanthi Mariapan*, Dr Sangaran Gopal, Dr Ruchi Negi, Dr Vinod Nair
Ileal atresia is a congenital abnormality where there is significant stenosis
or complete absence of a portion of the ileum. There is an increased incidence
in those with chromosomal abnormalities.
Ileal atresia results from a vascular accident in utero that leads to decreased
intestinal perfusion and subsequent ischaemia of a segment of bowel. This
leads to narrowing, or in the most severe cases, complete obliteration of the
intestinal lumen.
Authors : Dr.Mohammadreza Shahidipak*
There is a kind of permanent confrontation in history between the realistic
and ruling and progressive medicine and in accordance with God and nature
with the superstitious medicine based on the illusions and delusions of the
common people throughout history, so that it has led to a conflict at some
point in time. In the meantime, a current of realism was formed in medicine,
which are idolatrous and superstitious for centuries to come. This research
issue is a historical phenomenon and has many examples and the hypothesis
of the research is that this method is broken in the realism method in the life
of the Prophet of Islam.
Authors : Fawaz F. Alshammrie* , May Obaid Alnawmasi
Psoriasis is a lifelong inflammatory dermatosis related to an anomaly of
the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells. It is a chronic non-
infectious disease that affects people of all ages [1]. A growing number of
population-based studies provide prevalence estimates of psoriasis worldwide
[2-6]. Although children present with the same clinical subtypes of psoriasis
seen in adults, lesions may differ in distribution and morphology; hence, their
clinical symptoms at presentation may vary from those reported by adults
[7]. Although the diagnosis of psoriasis is primarily based on clinical features,
biopsy can therefore help diagnose children with atypical presentations [8,9].
Authors : María de Miguel, MD, Paloma Pulido, MD, Gonzalo Cabezón, MD, Javier López, MD, PhD, J. Alberto San Román, MD, PhD
A 45-years old male with history of diabetes was admitted with generalized
myalgia, asthenia and fever within the last week. No dental procedures neither
intravenous drug use were referred. Physical examination showed normal
central venous pressure, a systolic mitral murmur and limb oedemas. Empiric
antibiotic therapy with linezolid, meropenem and amikacin was initiated.
Authors : Yusak Mangara Tua Siahaan*, MD, PhD, Reza Stevano, MD, Anyeliria Sutanto, MD
As autoimmune conditions share similar environmental, genetic, and
immunological factors in their pathogenesis, patients with one condition are
susceptible to developing additional autoimmune conditions[1]. Myasthenia
gravis (MG) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) constitute two distinct
autoimmune diseases that share common risk factors and often manifest in
young women[2]. However, simultaneous occurrence in the same patient
is rare. MG is characterized by generalized muscle weakness secondary to
neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission impairment due to the presence
of autoantibodies against postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AchRs)[3].
Authors : Dr Yu Feng Shi*, Dr Sameer Malik
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of one of the most
significant global pandemics in the 20th and 21st centuries with just under fifty
million fatalities and an estimated 0.7% of adults worldwide between 15-49
years living with the virus or around 37.7 million people1.HIV infection can present in a myriad of ways ranging from asymptomatic, a
mononucleosis type of syndrome to various mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal and neurological presentations.
Authors : Claudia (Chunyun) Wang PhD, Hongtao Li, PhD*
This review presents the current scientific evidence of the health benefits
of Tai Chi (TC), a form of mind-body exercise. In our world characterized by a rise
in the proportion of older people, of people with chronic diseases, and of obese
people, the most widely agreed on recommendation to maintain the health of
the society is exercise. TC is considered a mild to moderate form of exercise as
judged by the energy expenditure of 1.5 to 4.6 metabolic equivalents (METs).1
In comparison, swimming has 4.5 to 10 METs and running 6 to 16 METs. It also
has low impact on the joints. Hence, TC has been suggested as a good fit for
the sedentary population and the population with chronic disease, which both
often deal with physical barriers to increase their physical activity.2 Moreover,
TC can be done without special equipment or minimal space requirement,
which makes it suitable for people with economical barriers.
Authors : Saeed Shoja Shafti MD
Let’s start with this approximate question: why should an inhabitant,
for example, a middle-class youngster, take a gun and kill his fellow citizens,
neighbors, friends or classmates, with annihilation or termination of his own life,
instead of working, loving, enjoying and teaming up with them ? What turns a
former kind neighbor into a future foe? Mass shooting is a serious problem that
usually has intricate ins and outs, which have roots in a mixture of sociological,
cultural, historical, anthropological and psychological bases, and, so, demands
a systematic approach, instead of the customary descriptive psychiatric
approach or a merely criminological attitude. Sociologically, it seems that when
overt public processes are not synchronizing with each other or covert societal
courses, and so, may flare up a series of social clashes or cognitive dissonances,
a confounding dynamic arises which may lead to improper discharges by
irritated, defiant or despairing people.
Authors : Plotnikova I.A, Troitskaya LA, Zelentsova V.L, Stepina D.A., Shtanova A.A
Vitamin B6-dependent epilepsies are aheterogeneous group of autosomal
recessive diseases that are caused by mutations of five different genes involved
in vitamin B6 metabolism [1]. Vitamin B6 is present in many forms in the human
diet, but only pyridoxal-5 -phosphate (PLP) plays a vital role in the metabolism
of a number of neurotransmitters, especially the inhibitory mediator gamma-
aminobutyric acid. Code errors leading to a lack of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate
manifest as B6-dependent epilepsy, including pyridoxamine-5-phosphate
oxidase (PNPO) deficiency, which affects the synthesis and recycling of pyridoxal5'-phosphate [2,3].
Authors : Akbar Rasekhi Kazerooni, MD. Keyvan Nowrouzi, MD. Faezeh Sehatpour*, MD.MPH.
The Covid-19 pandemic is an ongoing pandemic that started in December
2019 and spread rapidly around the word. COVID-19 was caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in Wuhan,
China. So far, more than 200 countries have been affected by the pandemic.
Authors : Mohamed Adbellahi Cheikh Ahmed*; Sidi Sidi Cheikh ; Mohamed Jiddou Sidi Baba
Morning glory syndrome is a birth defect that affects the optic nerve of the eye. The morning glory syndrome (MGS) or morning glory disc anomaly was named
by Kindler in 1970 because of its resemblance to the morning glory flower.
Morning glory syndrome can be associated with midline cranial defects and
abnormal carotid circulation. We report the case of a 10-year-old adolescent,
who was brought by his parents for a profound bilateral visual acuity decrease
since birth. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral morning glory
syndrome.
Authors : Mario Roberto Pinto Romero*, Mauricio Adolfo Caballero, Javier Orlando Reyes,
Napoleón Galo Jordán and Tania Henríquez Zuniga
Adnexal masses are commonly found in gynecological practice and it is a
dilemma to diagnose and treat each one of them; some require immediate
surgical treatment (1). With the help of gynecological laparoscopic surgery,
adequate and timely management of adnexal pathology in gynecology has
been achieved.
Authors : Fatima Aouidat, Sara Boumati, Memona Khan, Xiaowu Li*, Frederik
Tielens, Bich-Thuy Doan, Jolanda Spadavecchia*
In recent decades, multifunctional nanomaterials have been intensively
investigated in the area of nanomedicine[1],diagnosis[2], and imaging[3]. The consolidation of different functional materials into a nanocomposites, generates
new opportunities in order to improve a variety of emerging applications of hybrid nanomaterials[4] [5].The application area in which nanoparticles have
obtained remarkable profit is in biomedical field and in particular in diagnostic imaging[6]. Many kinds of nanoparticles have been inquired for several
imaging applications, including biomolecules[7], metals[8],metal oxides[9],and
semiconducting nanomaterials[10].
Supporting Document
Supporting Document
Authors : M. Notter
When applying superficial hyperthermia (sHT) prior to radiotherapy (RT) the time interval can be reduced to less than 5 min between the two treatments.
In order to maintain the elevated temperature after sHT during the transfer to the linac, preheated blankets (PB) and preheated Bolus (PBo) can be applied. A
novel very adaptable bolus is presented in this study: preheated bullshit bolus
(PBBo) allows a better adaption to surface. Even curved, convex or concave
regions can be flawlessly covered. PBBo provides with its cellulose fibers a rather
rigid structure to keep inserted temperature probes to control hyperthermia.
Therefore we recommend this novel technique specifically in challenging
regions e.g. head & neck.
Authors : Anna Rossa Magda S. Cuerdo, MD; Jose Edzel V. Tamayo, FPCP, FPCCP; Gener A. Idor, MD
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is worldwide, and still up to
present, we are incessantly studying the virus from presentation down to its
complications. Yet, this virus remains a mystery to be unfold. There are several
literatures regarding the onset of pneumothorax from COVID-19 infection.
However, the cause is still unknown. We will be presenting a case of a 61-year-
old male who developed sudden onset of chest pain associated with shortness
of breath 19 days post COVID-19 infection.
Authors : Anna Rossa S. Cuerdo, MD; Gener A. Idor, MD
The rarity and simultaneous commonness of thymoma in a 27-year-old female
presenting with chylothorax and chylopericardium is highlighted in this case
report.
Overall, incidence of thymoma is less than 1% of all neoplasms. However,
thymic malignancies are difficult to segregate because of their great variability
in cytological and structural patterns. In the Philippines, unfortunately, there is
limited published literature on which to base a review of the epidemiology of
this condition due to relatively small number of population-based studies.
Authors : Gonzalo Carrillo-Sanabria*, Brian Davila-Aranda, Rodolfo Cairo-
Huaringa, Richard Maita-Hinostroza, Jorge Chumbes-Perez
About 15% of extrapulmonary TB represents genitourinary tuberculosis;
since it is the second common manifestation in the countries of Europe.
Commonly infected sites are the epididymides, seminal vesicle, prostate, and
testes (1).
Authors : Martin Acuña, Carlos Paredes, William López, Juan Tacuri*
A 74-year-old male patient, diabetic, hypertensive, with severe heart
disease, with chronic kidney disease in three-week dialysis treatment, a tunneled
catheter for hemodialysis is placed in the left internal jugular vein, however,
when performing his control in the chest X-ray (Image A), it is observed that
the catheter takes a direction towards the left side of the heart, the patient was
asymptomatic and with normal vital signs; An angiotomography was requested
(Image B, C) in which the presence of an anatomical variant consisting of the
persistence of the Left Superior Vena Cava, type IIIa in which there is the
presence of the two superior vena cavas with connection of the persistent left
superior vena cava with the right superior vena cava.
Authors : Dr. Sejal S. Shah(BDS), Dr. Priyanka Agarwal(BDS), Dr. Nilesh Rathi* (MDS), Dr. Apurva Borde(BDS)
Amongst all the reactive gingival lesions Peripheral ossifying fibroma has
enumber of cases in adults but only few cases are addressed to pediatric
population. It’s a reactive lesion of oral tissues which emerge due to factors such
as local trauma, calculus or orthodontic appliances.POF can be called by names
such as peripheral cementifying fibroma, peripheral fibroma with calcification
and ossifying fibroid epulis (1). The condition mostly affects women population
and that too in anterior region of jaw in teenagers or young adults.
Authors : Swarup K Chakrabarti, Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay
Over the last two and half years, there have been about six million COVID-19
related deaths worldwide. However, till date, the relatively unexplored, often
hidden, progressive deterioration of health of COVID-19 survivors has not
been getting that much attention to the medical community, in part due to the
slowness of the disease progression, together with the lack of standard tests
to correctly diagnose the long-haul of SARS-CoV-2 in patients that might be
causing dysfunctions in varieties of organs including the brain.
Authors : Areebah Qadir, Mohammad Raza Khan
The mercury sphygmomanometer has been the gold standard for accurately estimating BP in a non-invasive setting for over a century but in light of the
recent concern worldwide over the potential toxicity of mercury and its effects,
there has been a decrease in the use of the Mercury instruments and this study
is aimed at validating the use of aneroid and digital sphygmomanometer in
comparison with Mercury sphygmomanometer for monitoring blood pressure.
This showed that aneroid devices were more efficient instruments than digital
devices in classifying individuals as hypertensive or normotensives.
Authors : Martin Acuña, Carlos Paredes, William López, Juan Tacuri*
The best control strategy for handling a situation where multiple outbreaks
of an infectious disease are likely to occur, as in the COVID-19 pandemic, was
laid down some time ago [1]. However, it was soon noticed that even with
large-scale vaccination, for a disease with such a high contagiousness and
short-lived immunity, the creation of herd immunity might be elusive [2]. SARS-
CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has been subject to a rapid genetic
drift since the onset of the pandemic in late 2019 [3]. Another challenge would
be to reckon to what extent vaccination drives the evolution of variant SARS-
CoV-2 viruses
Authors : Emma M. Schnittka, BS* ,Nick W. Lanpher, BA,Jacqueline Sylvester,MD, FACOG
A typical menstrual cycle averages 24 to 38 days, lasts 7 to 9 days, and involves approximately 5 to 80 milliliters of blood loss. Variation from these
parameters characterizes abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), a condition affecting up to one-third of women. AUB can have both structural and non-
structural causes. Structural causes are often notated using the pneumonic
PALM—polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and malignancy or hyperplasia.
Non-structural causes are abbreviated COEIN—coagulopathy, ovulatory
dysfunction, endometrial disorders, iatrogenic, or not classified [1].
Authors : Yi-Ming Tian, Tao Li, Hongyuan Gu, Rui Wang*, Chunming Ma, Rui Wang
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) occurs in 20-40% of patients with diabetes, it
has become one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)[1].
Typically, chronic kidney dis-ease (CKD) develops over 10 years after diagnosis
of type 1 diabetes, but may be present at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Middle-elderly patients have a relatively high preva-lence of type 2 diabetes.
Therefore, it’s important to concern the early diagnosis of DN in this segment
of population.
Authors : Natalia Cabrera Almonte, Elona Malja, Arzu Canan*
A 61-year-old woman with acute encephalopathy and acute cholecystitis,
was found to have elevated troponin (high-sensitive troponin: 978 ng/L; >52
ng/L: abnormal), regional wall motion abnormality of mid anterior and septal
segments and 50% LVEF on transthoracic echocardiography (Movie 1), without
EKG changes. Patient denied chest pain, shortness of breath or palpitation.
Subsequent CTA demonstrated no coronary artery disease.
Authors : Brooke Bidwell, Autumn Loichle*, Tyler Santos, Syed Tirmazi
Antipsychotics are the first-line treatment for psychotic disorders, which
have antagonistic effects on the D2 dopamine-receptor, reducing dopamine
mediated transmission. Over time, however, the antagonistic effects of
antipsychotics can lead to an upregulation of the D2 receptors to produce
receptor supersensitivity in the striatum. The enhanced affinity of dopamine
for its receptors is thought to contribute to the phenomenon of dopamine
supersensitivity psychosis (SP).
Authors : Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani*
New species emerge as powerful forces in the health environment. This is
especially evident in gastroenterology, but the same changes occur in most
specialties. All aspects of gastroenterology care are assessed to quickly
develop and expand specialized nurses, replace medical specialists, or as main
caregivers. Gastroenterology nurses play various roles in all settings where
gastrointestinal (GI) care, testing, and procedures are performed.
Authors : Mercy Gatua, Nicholas O. Abinya, Noel Onyango, Serah Kaggia,Emily Rogena, Shaymaa Khattab, Ashraf Elghandour, Manal Elsorady,
Giuseppe Visani, Pier Paolo Piccaluga
The t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is the most common translocation in B-cell malignancies; in particular, it is found in about 90% of follicular
lymphomas, being the chromosomal hallmark of this tumor, and in about 20-25% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas(1–4). Only a few cases of de novo
B-acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL) carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21) have been
described(5–13). Most of these cases presented with additional chromosomal
abnormalities, often involving band 8q24 and/or MYC rearrangement and hada very aggressive clinical course(5,6,8,9,12).
Authors : Fariborz Rousta, Mohsen Sokouti, Samad Beheshty Rouy, Sina Parsay*
Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. It remains a disease with a high rate of mortality in the world
especially in developing and low-income countries 1. Extrapulmonary
tuberculosis occurs in about 10% -20% of patients and the most common forms
of involvement are tuberculous Lymphadenitis and tuberculous pleural effusion
2.
Authors : D.Milovanovic, F. Fiedler
One of the most serious problems of therapeutic hysteroscopic procedures
nowadays depending on a distending media in use, remains a fluid overload
with concomitant electrolyte imbalance. This rare but very life threatening
condition remains of great concern and requires interdisciplinary management
from experts of different fields such as anesthesiology, intensive care, cardiology
and nephrology.
Authors : Sokchan Sim, Yoshifumi Okada
Pneumocephalus is an air entrapment in the cranial cavity. It is commonly
seen after head and facial trauma, ear infections, and tumors of the skull
base or neurosurgical interventions. In some extremely rare cases, it happens
spontaneously. Pneumocephalus is a complication of head injury in 3.9–9.7%
of the cases. The accumulation of intracranial air can be acute (<72 h) or
delayed (≥72 h). In tension pneumocephalus, the continuous accumulation of
intracranial air is thought to be caused by a “ball-valve” mechanism. In turn,
this may lead to a mass effect on the brain, with subsequent neurological
deterioration and signs of herniation.
Authors : Farida ahmad, Musarrat Zahra, Farhan Ullah Afridi, Fatma Zulfiqar
Physical exercise (PE) is defined as “ a subset of physical activity that
is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate
objective of improving or maintaining physical fitness” [1]. There are different
types of PE, exercise performed at 50 - 63 %, 64 -76 % and 77 – 95% % of
heart rate maximum (HR max) are termed low, moderate and high intensity
exercises respectively. High intensity exercise has been further classified as
continuous, high intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training [2].
Authors : Guillermo Careaga-Reyna, David Arellano-Ostoa, Juana Perez-Duran,
Araceli Gayosso
Coronaviruses are single stranded ribonucleic acid viruses with a diameter
of 60–140 nm and a high rate of genetic mutations and recombinations,
rendering them capable of escaping from the immune system and causing
novel infections (1). In less than six months, the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic has swiftly spread from one city in China to over 190
countries worldwide (2-4). Neonatal infections with SARS-CoV-2 have been
described although robust data on vertical transmission are lacking.
Authors : Nicholas S. Murdoch Duncan, Ayelen Andrea Olivero,*Emmanuel E.
Sadava
An 81-year-old man consulted at our hospital for evaluation of a long-
established left inguinal mass. The patient denied experiencing pain, food
intolerance, constipation or urinary tract symptoms in the past. A physical
examination revealed a 15x10cm painless mass in the left inguinal region,
distinct from the testicle, with no palpable changes during Valsalva ́s maneuver.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 79mm heterogeneous lesion of
the spermatic cord which projected itself through the inguinal canal into the
scrotal sac, displacing the testis inferiorly.
Authors : Yuan Zhang, Haixu Jiang, Chen Li
A 15-year-old girl had intermittent pain in her left leg since October 2020.
The imaging examination suggested that tibial tumors were not excluded. Bone
biopsy showed chronic osteomyelitis. Another lesion resection was performed.
The postoperative pain was not relieved. The patient came to our hospital for
treatment. The X-ray, three-dimensional reconstruction CT and MRI of the left
lower leg all showed obvious bone damage and bone thickening. (Figure.1 A,B
and C). Therefore, we consider aseptic osteomyelitis, which belongs to the
category of SAPHO in children, and that can have no skin manifestations. In this
case, the diagnosis is mainly based on the typical radiological manifestations
of the patient [1].
Authors : Andrea Villarreal-Juris; María Tobar-Vallejo; Iván Jarro-Villavicencio;
Martín Angulo-Mejía; Ricardo Chacha-Suscal; Anna Delgado-Salas;
Juan Jaramillo-Merino Evelyn Brito-Henriquez
Arterial hypertension is a pathology that responds to multiple economic,
social, cultural, environmental, and ethnic factors, reaching a high prevalence
worldwide: 691 million people [1]. It is also known that of the 15 million people
deceased from circulatory diseases, 7.2 million died from coronary heart disease
and 4.6 million from encephalic vascular disease; and high blood pressure was
present in most of them [2].
Authors : Andrea Villarreal-Juris; Diana Galarza-Estrella; Bairon Sabando-Farías;
Gabriela Castillo-Andrade; Jimmy Casares-Tamayo
Gorlin-Goltz (G-G) syndrome or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
(NBCCS) is a dominant autosomal genetic disorder with high penetrance.
Fifty percent of patients who suffer from it have a mutation in the long arm of
chromosome 9q22.3 in the area of the PTCH gene (protein patched homolog)
(1–3), a homologue of the Drosophila patched gene (PTC), which encodes a
transmembrane receptor protein (4). This protein binds to a soluble factor of
the hedgehog family (Hh), thus activating the Smo (smoothened) receptor,
which unblocks the transcription of several growth factors.
Authors : Rafia Jabbar, Rijaa Zaheer, Agha Aftab Hussain, Anjum Naveed
Ludwig’s angina is a potentially life-threatening cellulitis of floor of mouth
and tongue which rapidly progresses and becomes hard and inflexible. Ludwig’s
angina, is named after German physician Wilhelm Fredrick von Ludwig who
first described this in 1836. Due to the possible complications associated with
Ludwig’s angina immediate identification and management is required.
Authors : Jafari B. Lutavi , Moses R. Mahugi , Daudi Kanyamala , Nicodem
Komba, Robert Moshiro
Penoscrotal transposition (PST) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the
external genitalia, characterized by malposition of the penis in relation to the
scrotum. PST can be either complete or incomplete according to the positional
exchanges between the penis and scrotum and both forms of PST are generally
linked with hypospadias. Incomplete transposition is the common form
of this entity and the penis lies in the middle of the scrotum, but complete
transposition, the scrotum almost entirely covers the penis, which emerges
from the perineum.
Authors : Saraswathi Lakkasani MD, Susane ope Ajao MD, Rajasingam Jayasingam MD, Arthur Siegal MD, Jihad Slim MD, Ernesto Torres
HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is use of antiretroviral medications
to prevent acquisition of HIV infection, in a HIV negative person who has on
going risk of acquiring HIV. This strategy has proven effective in several recently
published reports. The regimen if used optimally has HIV reduction record of
99%. However, there are several positive unforeseen benefits in this strategy.
In this observational study we are presenting some additional benefits we
observed in our Prep Clinic.
Authors : Amr El Mohamad*, Ahmed Shaaban, Kazim Mohammed, Rayan M. Sibira, Einas A. Alkuwari, Ali Raza
Primary central nervous system lymphomas (CNSLs) (PCNSLs) are rare and
account for 2%–5% of all brain tumor cases, whereas secondary CNSLs are more
common [1,2]. One study has shown that the most common intraparenchymal
histological type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, as among 26 patients with
PCNSL, 25 had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [3]. Although primary dural-based
lymphomas are rare, the most common area of involvement is the cerebral
hemispheres.
Authors : S. Kunz MD, B. Willi MD, M. Steigert MD, C. Casaulta MD
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutation in the cystic fibrosis
transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) gene which leads to
defects in the eponymous called protein. Because of these defects, the chloride
conductance in and out of the cell is impaired in many organs, most importantly
in lung and pancreas, which leads to building of thick mucus in these organs.
In the last years there is a new way to treat CF-patients, namely with CFTRpotentiators/-modulators, Trikafta as an example. They have shown to be very
potent with major lung improvements and seem to be safe concerning the
adversary effects.
Authors : Muhammad Arshad Ullah and Ali Hassan
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is cultivated in
many parts of the world, but the Mediterranean region
is the main area of agricultural production, it represents
approximately 98% of the growing around the world1.
Apart from the Mediterranean region, the olive tree is
cultivated on a large scale in the Arabian Peninsula, India
and Asia (Somova et al., 2003).
Authors : Shairoz Mevawalla
Cancer is rapidly spreading over the world, causing a slew of problems
in society, particularly in the individual’s life. This cancer not only causes
physical, mental, economic, and social problems for the sufferer, but it also
causes sexual problems. This problem is ignored in our society since it is seen
as a taboo in our culture, and it is deemed unacceptable. Sexual problems
caused by chemotherapy treatment are frequently ignored by both nurses and
patients.
Authors : Vina Kumari
The association of leukemia and pregnancy is very rare, rather underdiagnosed and sparsely reported. The prevalence based on diagnosed and
reported cases is one in 75,000 to 100,000 pregnancies. Most of the leukemias
diagnosed in pregnancy are myeloblastic.
Authors : Chu Chi Hieu*, Vu Thi Hang, Tran Thi Linh Tu
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare form of
hypersensitivity (HS) to progesterone (PG). It is characterized by recurrent skin
eruptions during the luteal phase of the menstrual period, coinciding with
peak levels of endogenous PG.1 Many manifestations have been reported
including cyclical urticaria, vesiculobullous eruptions, erythema multiform,
eczema, maculopapular eruptions, purpura/petechiae, and stomatitis.2 The
histopathologic findings are non-specific and often correlate with the lesion
morphology.
Authors : M.Battat RN*, MD. CMHN, I.Amro R.N
Nausea and vomiting are serious and troublesome side effects of cancer
therapy. We chose this research topic in order to become familiar with the topic
of the nausea and vomiting facing cancer patients during their chemotherapy
treatment, which we have observed during our experience in the Oncology
departments.
Authors : ABHISHEK MEHAN, AKSHITA, ARNAB CHOUDHURY*, RIFIKA BANSAL, MUKESH BAIRWA
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a disorder of autonomic
function regulation most commonly observed in patients with acute brain
injury. It mostly occurs after traumatic brain injury, but it can also occur after
non-traumatic brain diseases such as anoxic-ischemic coma after cardiac
arrest, intracranial haemorrhage, and ischemic stroke-[1].
Authors : Ahmad Jiblawi*, MD; Hani Chanbour, MD; Wassim Alwan, MD; Khaled
Jiblawi, MD
First described by Chassaignac in 1852, Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) is
a benign soft tissue tumor [1]. It is a rare disease, associated with synovial
inflammation due to hemosiderin deposition. GCT occurs in two forms:
localized GCT and diffuse formerly known as pigmented villonodular
synovitis. The former typically consists of small well circumscribed, nodule
or pedunculated mass that might be intra- or extra-articular, most commonly
(85%) in the small joints.
Authors : Asmaa Biaz, Imane Ouiazza, Leila Laamara, Abdelaali Bahadi,
Sanae Bouhsain,Driss ELKabbaj,Abdellah Dami,Samira Elmachtaniidrissi
Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a major complication of sickle cell
disease. It manifest s in various forms, including glomerulopathy, proteinuria,
hematuria, and Renal tubular disorders, and frequently results in end-stage
renal disease(ESRD). Hemolysis and vascular occlusion are the main factors
promoting the manifestations of this disease. Dialysis and renal transplantation
are the last resort for patient with SCN [1]
Authors : Rim Sakly1, Hiba Hamdi, Amani Moussa, Albert Lecube, Hassen Bouzidi, Baha Zantour, Salwa Abid, Mohsen Kerkeni
Diabetes is the most important disease in the wild words including type 1
diabetes, type 2 diabetes as known as diabetes mellitus (DM), and gestational
diabetes [1-3]. DM is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and affected sugars
metabolism caused by impaired insulin secretion [4]. Overweight and obesity
are two risk factors or metabolic syndrome for developing DM.
Authors : Jing Wang, Jiyun Cui, Xin Wang
Digestive endoscopy is an important test for early cancer screening. As the
test is uncomfortable so more and more people choose general anesthesia. The
most serious complication during the examination was aspiration pneumonia
due to reflux and aspiration.
Authors : Abderrhman Ahmed Mohamed Ismaeil, Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abderahman, Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Hiba Abdeen Yousif
Osman
When kidney function declines and renal replacement therapy is required,
the heart and vascular tree undergo major structural and functional changes,
and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is higher than in the general
population (Usrds, 2017), with 40 % of all deaths in patients with end-stage
renal disease (ESRD) due to cardiac causes ( Steddon, S, 2014)
Authors : Dr Louis Noël ,Matthias Cavassini
A 48-years-old healthy male was referred to our tertiary care center from
an otorhinolaryngologist. The patient complained of odynophagia for the last
4 months, without any history of smoking nor chronic alcohol intake. A biopsy
was performed and diagnosed chronic inflammation with fungal mycelia. Oral
fluconazole did not bring any improvement.
Authors : Piratheepkumar. R, Vijitha. P
A rapid antigen test (RAT) or rapid antigen detection test (RADT), is a
rapid diagnostic test suitable for point-of-care testing that directly detects the
presence of an antigen. It is used to detect SARS-CoV-2 that cause COVID-19.
This test is one of the type of lateral flow tests that detect protein, differentiate
it from other medical tests such as antibody tests or nucleic acid tests, of either
laboratory or point-of-care types.
Authors : Venu Bhargava Mulpuri, MS, M.Ch ,Dinesh Kumar Bhuria, MS,Jayanta
Samantha, MD, DM ,Vikas Gupta, MS, M.Ch
A 35- year female with a history of gall stone-induced acute necrotizing
pancreatitis was referred to us in the second week of illness, she was managed
conservatively with antibiotics and supportive measures given sepsis for a week.
CECT (contrast-enhanced computed tomography) abdomen showed walled-off
pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) and the necrosis was abutting the antro-pyloric
region of the stomach.
Authors : Nabil Abu-Amer, MD, Natalie Silberstein, MD, Margarita Kunin , MD,
Sharon Mini , MD, Pazit Beckerman , MD
Nephrotoxicity is defined as kidney injury due to toxic effects of chemicals.
There are various forms of chemicals and drugs that may affect renal function
in various mechanism including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), tubulopathy and
electrolyte imbalance, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), glomerular damage,
crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy [1-3].
Authors : Theofilidis Antonis
Autistic children have not withdrawn from reality due
to some mental illness, rather they have failed to come out in reality
due to a serious, and to a large extent, developmental disorder. As a
result, autism is not currently considered psychosis, but is classified
as a pervasive developmental disorder.
Authors : Wei TANG; Xiao-Ying WANG; *Chao-Chun ZOU
The trisomy 18 syndrome was first reported by Edwards et al in 1960,
also known as Edwards syndrome. It is the second most common autosomal
chromosomal disorder after trisomy 21(Down’s syndrome)due to the presence
of an extra chromosome 18, which has three basic types: complete, mosaic
and partial type.
Authors : *Abdalla Khabazeh
Charcot Arthropathy is a serious but rare progressive condition that can
affect 0.15 – 2.5% of diabetic patients especially those who developed peripheral
neuropathy. Despite the voluminous work reported in literature on CA, very few
studies mention the prevalence of this disabling disease. The actual incidence
of CA may be greater than what is reported, as in many cases, the clinicians
fail to diagnose or are late to diagnose this serious complication.
Authors : *Dr. Salma M. AlDalla
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of genetic blood disorders that leads to
abnormality in hemoglobin. In patients with SCD, newer medical treatments
have improved survival rates and quality of life along with a reduced disease-
related morbidity. Consequently, the focus of the treatment is diverging to
encompass the reproductive issues associated with these treatments.
Authors : *Prof. Francesco Carell
Italian hospitals in the late Middle Ages already offered much more than a
simple reception and care. In a work that can be consulted in the Laurentian
Library in Florence, datable about 1300, painter Gaddi shows a series of
hospitalized people. Already the representation is not very sad perhaps due
to the lack of modern white walls and patients appear regularly placed in beds
with acts of assistance and care.
Authors : Sarma S.T and *Thiruvarangan S
Lower back pain is a collective musculoskeletal illness affecting the overall
population although frequency of back pain and dysfunction take place with
aging. The previous research advocates that LBP occurrence increasingly takes
place with aging and incidence may be recognized to work-related physical
activities too. Population-based studies have indicated that LBP remains global
concern thus it challenges every nation. The occurrence of LBP is 84%[1] as this
common condition affecting individual at some point in their live consequently
seen in both primary and tertiary care clinical settings.
Authors : *Israa M. Sawalha
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the top 20 causes of
illness-related disability for individuals between 15 and 44 years of
age. The Palestinian people are especially at a higher risk of developing
mental disorders in particular OCD, as a result of trauma from enmity
and the immanent violence which has led to psychological disorders
in people living in Palestine because it is under a seventh decade of
Israeli occupation with continues violence and immanent abuses of
basic human rights.
Authors : *Beatriz Chambino; Sérgio Maltês; Claudio Gonçalves Gouveia;
Cristiana Camacho; Pedro Neves Ferreira; Luís Campos
A 90-year old male diagnosed with stage III non-Hodgkin's peripheral T-cell
lymphoma under palliative treatment was admitted due to a feeling of food
impaction and vomiting. He underwent upper digestive endoscopy which
revealed an extensively necrotic esophageal mucosa with complete esophagus
obstruction where two impacted pills were seen (figure 1) and fragmented.
Authors : *M.Hammoud, F.Lakhdar, M.Benzagmout, K.Chakour, M.F Chaou
Arachnoid cysts are rare benign congenital extra axial lesions, which consist
of collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounded by normal arachnoid
membrane. They account for approximately 1% of all intracranial space-
occupying lesions, with a higher prevalence in the first 2 decades of life [1].
Most arachnoid cysts are quiescent and remain asymptomatic throughout life.
They are incidentally detected on CT or magnetic resonance images [2].
Authors : Yongxiang Li
A 48-year-old male patient underwent a modified Child PD for the malignant
tumor of the descending duodenum. The gastroscope and abdominal
enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative examinations are
displayed in Fig. 1. The related index and laboratory values of the patients
showed no abnormal outcomes. Standard modified Child PD was performed
after excluding the surgical contraindications. No adverse events occurred
during the operation.
Authors : Iyevhobu K.O*, Momoh, A.R.M, Etafo, J, Airefetalor A.I, Osagiede,
E.K.
Staphylococcus aureus avoidable medical and economic
burden, the true incidence and prevalence of pathogenic
strain of foodborne diseases is difficult to quantify. Risk
factors implicated in foodborne diseases as identified
by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention included
unsafe sources, inadequate cooking, improper holding,
contaminated equipment and poor personal hygiene
implicating that the food handler dimension is crucially
important (FDA, 2009).
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.55920/JCRMHS.2022.01.001005
In Hindsight, A Deafening Diagnosis
Authors : Van Nguyen, Basil Ike, Ecler Jaqua
A 34-year-old female presents to the primary care physician with a 2-week history of fatigue,
generalized headache, intermittent right-sided tinnitus, and dizziness that started abruptly after a dental
procedure. Tinnitus is high-pitched and most often noted in the morning. The dizziness occurs mainly
when changing from a supine to seated position.
Authors : Maria Lambrou, Vasiliki Antari, Georgios Totikidis, Eleni Papadimitriou, Emmanuel Roilides, Evgenia Papakonstantinou
Given the immunodeficiency due to their disease and chemotherapy,
patients with cancer are vulnerable to infections and COVID19 infection is
really threatening. We describe a successful management of a girl diagnosed
with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and COVID19 infection concomitantly
with Escherichia Hermannii sepsis
Authors : Siniša Franjić
Facial pain occurring in the absence of trauma may be caused by a variety
of disorders, many of which may be associated with referred pain, thereby
making accurate localization of the source difficult [1]. For this reason, a careful
examination of the face, orbits, eyes, oral and nasal cavities, auditory canals,
and temporomandibular joints is an essential aspect of the evaluation of these
patients.
Authors : Mohamed Shafi Bin Mahboob Ali
This is a case of an elderly women with chronic Hepatitis B and was not
on treatment came to our centre with the complaints of abdominal distension,pain and leaking of
‘yellowish fluid’ from her umbilicus.She claimed that the leaking was recent after
the detachment of her belly button.Otherwise, she also had nausea,vomiting,loss of appetite and jaundice.
Authors : Bigoni T; Urbani F; Papi A; Greco GF*; Beccaria M
A 61-yr-old caucasian man presented to the Emergency Department (ASST
Mantua Hospital, Mantua, Italy) with fever up to 39°C, poorly responsive to
antipyretics, nocturnal dyspnea and productive cough with mucus-purulent
sputum for three days. On physical examination he appeared in good general
condition, collaborating and oriented.
Jinwei Zhang
Associate Professor in Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
Key Research: Pharmacology and Physiology
Shesnia Salim
Consultant Radiologist, MD in Radio-diagnosis and Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
Key Research: Neuroradiology
Guoping Jiang
School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Key Research:
Bhari Sharanesha Manjunatha
College of Dentistry, University of Taif, Al Hawaiah, Saudi Arabia
Key Research:
Aydin H
Radiology,Turkey
Key Research: Non- vascular intervention, MR Imaging, Neuroradiology, Genitourinary Radiology, Thorax and Abdominopelvic Radiology, Power Lifting-Diving-Swimming-Travelling
Mantzoros Ioannis
Department of General Surgery of A.U.TH., General Hospital ‘G.Papanikolaou', Greece
Key Research: Medicine and Surgery
Anne-Marie Rodriguez
Mesenchymal stem cells, tissue repair mechanisms, mitochondria transfer and metabolism, Université Paris-Est Créteil France
Key Research: Mesenchymal stem cells, tissue repair mechanisms, mitochondria transfer and metabolism
Trumfa Ilze
Professor and Head of the Department of Pathology in Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
Key Research: Tumour pathology, inflammation, cancer microenvironment, immunohistochemistry, systemic inflammatory reaction and liquid biopsy
Zhou Teng
Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (Shantou University), Ministry of Education, Shantou, China
Key Research: Noise immune learning, Spatial-Temporal Statistics & Data Science, Deep ensemble learning
Tanveer Mir
Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
Key Research: Internal medicine and allied specialties including cardiology and metabolism
