July Issue
Medical Images and Health Sciences
Latest Articles
Authors : Amal M. Obeid MD; Faiza A. Qari MD, Soad K. Aljaouni MD, Sawsan Rohaim MD, Ahmed Agami Elsayed MD, Maha M. Alsayyad MD, Ezzuddin
A. Okmi MD
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a specific autoimmune disorder marked by lymphocytic infiltration and the production of anti-thyroid autoantibodies. This
study explores the impact of extended Wet-Cupping Therapy (Hijama) on the modulation of autoimmune activity in individuals with HT. A case report study
was conducted with two patients who underwent continuous Hijama therapy for one year.
Authors : Emily R. Pynn*, Laura Power
Calcified structures are frequently found in ovarian dermoid cysts, which can make laparoscopic excision more challenging. We describe a 26-year-old lady
who had four calcified teeth in her right ovarian dermoid cyst, one of which was too big for conventional extraction methods. After failed morcellation,
sterilized dental forceps were used to remove the teeth individually, enabling successful laparoscopic cystectomy without the need for a larger incision.
Authors : Dr. Charlie Vidal, MD, MPH, MBA*, Dr. Annette Martinez Padilla, MD, Dr. Caroline Annette Rivera Olomo, MD
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological disorder that can occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome, or idiopathically—the patient need
not necessarily have cancer or a toxic exposure. In oncologic settings, it may present as an immune-related adverse event (irAE) during immune checkpoint
inhibitor therapy. Its diagnosis is often challenging when advanced malignancy coexists with diagnostic limitations.
Authors : Nodira M. Normuradova , Xakim I. Shamirzaev
To discuss the diagnosis of fetal bilateral anophthalmia, which is a congenital two-sided absence of the eyeballs and is the most severe form of structural
malformation of the eye. An ultrasound examination of a male fetus at 25 weeks of gestation revealed the absence of the eyeball and lenses on both sides.
No other associated developmental anomalies were noted. Early ultrasound examinations at 11+ 3 weeks and 15 weeks of gestation did not reveal any orbital
pathology. To clarify the diagnosis of isolated congenital bilateral anophthalmia, magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal face and head was performed. MR
examination was carried out using a General Electric Optima 450i + GEM device, with 48-channel head coil, with the patient freely breathing in T2 SSFSE mode,
in axial, coronal and sagittal projections, slice thickness 4 mm.
Authors : Kazimova S. C., Huseynova G. A., Poluxova S. M., Maharramova S. H.,
Kazimova A. U., Shadlinski E. A, Musayeva E. M
This review article demonstrates the possible therapeutic effects of immunomodulators on diabetes mellitus. Multiple molecular mechanisms,
including autoimmunity, inflammation and metabolic stress, are risk factors for the development of β-cell deficiency. Against the background of oökthe
inflammatory process in adipocytes, the immune response is enhanced by apoptosis and macrophage infiltration, the interaction of the pathogenic factor
with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD11c+ M1 macrophages in adipose tissue enhance the inflammatory process in adipose tissue and peripheral insulin
resistance.
Authors : Hanah Sabrina Cavazos B.S., Michael Miguez M.D., Ahsan Raza M.D,FACS, FASCRS*
Endometriosis is known to infiltrate the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity and result in different pathological
presentations. Appendicitis, while a common surgical emergency, is rarely secondary to cellular infiltration by endometrial tissue1-4. This presentation is
a crucial contribution to our understanding of the elusive pathophysiology of endometriosis.
Authors : Muhammad Umer, Ovais Ullah Shirazi, Waqas Akram, Mahtab Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Nadeem Alvi, Muhammad Bilal Aslam, Khadija-TulKubra, Hassan Ahmad, Zainab Farooq, Eman Shahzad Khan, Mahnoor
Asim, Shaina Rehman, Hira Foaad, Itzaz Aslam, Ali Akhtar*
The development of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus is a distinguishing hallmark of endometriosis, a persistent gynecological
illness associated with infertility. Despite the fact that endometriosis is quite widespread, little is known about the precise risk factors that contribute to
infertility in these individuals, particularly in resource-limited situations.
Authors : Mette Pedersen*
The absence of uniform procedures for clinical voice‑quality assessment impedes cross‑study comparisons and evidence synthesis. Building on the 2023 European
Laryngological Society–Union of European Phoniatricians (ELS‑UEP) Delphi consensus, minimum standards applicable to voice in speech and singing with
clinical relevance are presented in a book of voice-related biomarkers. The Voice Handicap Index‑30 (or VHI‑10); auditory‑perceptual judgement with the GRBAS
scale; aerodynamic measurement of maximum phonation time; and acoustic analysis of a comfortable, sustained /a/ capturing mean fundamental frequency,
percent jitter, percent shimmer, and noise‑to‑harmonic ratio are included.
Authors : *Hanife Karakaya, MD, Assoc. Prof. Ayşe Güler, MD, Prof. Dr. Hadiye Şirin, MD, PhD
IV rTPA is classified as a category C drug during pregnancy. This study reports the administration of the treatment to a patient with acute ischemic stroke at
12 weeks of gestation. A 28-year-old woman, 12 weeks pregnant, presented to the emergency department with motor aphasia and muscle strength graded at
2/5. Her NIHSS score was 12, and the time window for thrombolytic therapy was deemed appropriate. Due to a prior mechanical valve replacement (MVR),
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was contraindicated; therefore, a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan was performed after obtaining informed
consent from the patient and her family
Authors : Debabrata Chakraborty*, Poonam Guha Vaze, Abhijit Das
Outcome data on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is limited, and functional outcome is considered less favorable
after ICH. Most recovery is considered to happen within the first few months,and people with severe post-ICH disability are often excluded from long-term
rehabilitation.
Authors : Buket Kılıç*
This case report describes a 15-year-old female with early-onset psychosis presenting with vegetative symptoms (loss of appetite, sleep disturbances)
and psychomotor retardation, often overlooked in early diagnosis. Initially, she exhibited suspiciousness, declining academic performance, and cognitive
difficulties, with no overt psychotic symptoms reported. Mental status exam revealed flat affect, anxious mood, and slowed thought and motor processes.
Treatment with olanzapine resulted in improvement of her symptoms within one week.
Authors : Adapa Pranathi, Md Adil Faizan, Dr Govindappagari Venkata Jithendra,Geethanjali, M Pramod Kumar
Suicide is defined as the deliberate act of ending one’s own life, resulting in either fatal or non-fatal outcomes¹. Globally, it ranks as the tenth leading
cause of death². Studies indicate that suicide attempt (SA) rates range from 2.6 to 1,100 per 100,000 individuals annually, while the suicide mortality rate is
approximately 14.5 deaths per 100,000 people per year³. Additionally, 10–18% of the general population reports suicidal ideation, with 3–5% having a history
of SA at some point in their lives.
Authors : Dr. Khom bahadur Chaudhary*, MS Nilam chaudhary
Perimenopausal women are at high risk of several health problems including thyroid disorders and dyslipidemia. But still many of them are
undiagnosed in routine health checkup and women are at high risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus the study of thyroid and lipid profile among perimenopausal
women is very important and such study are very much limited.
Authors : Anusree P, Suchanda Sahu*, Kshirod Kumar Ratha, Sujata Devi, M.M.Rao, Prasant Kumar Sahu
Trikatu, a traditional Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation consisting of Piper Longum (Indian long pepper), Piper nigrum (black pepper), and Zingiber officinale
(ginger) in equal proportions, has been a cornerstone of Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, used in the treatment of various ailments. This review aims to
provide a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical and pharmacological action of Trikatu, based on an extensive examination of scientific literature and
clinical studies.
Authors : Jayesh Trivedi, Virendra Kumar Goyal, Sohail, PriyaKunwar, ShubhamBalki, KeyurSoni, Ayushya Pal Singh, SudeepDeswal, Shweta Pandey,
Harjeetkaur, Simran kajla, Himanshu Yadav5, Raja
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection that targets the endocardial lining of the heart, primarily affecting the cardiac valves. Although
relatively uncommon, it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in predisposed individuals. The pathogenesis of IE involves the
interaction of microbial pathogens with the damaged endocardium, leading to the formation of vegetations.
Authors : Ebenezer Morayo Ale*, Steve Osagie Asuelimen
Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is a simple and stable organoselenium molecule with a variety of pharmacological actions (Rosa et al., 2004). In light of numerous
fascinating studies on its biological activities, it has now been established as a potentially useful choice for medical application. It is a strong antioxidant
compound whose antioxidant efficacy is related to its glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimicry (Mugesh et al., 2001) and its reported therapeutic activities have
been linked to its GPx mimic property.
Authors : Johannes Wirmer*, Jurek Schulz
Amputation injuries to the tip of the big toe offer various therapeutic options such as surgical stump formation using V-Y plastic or island
flap covering. In the case of fingertip amputation, treatment with semi-occlusive dressing is also an option. This therapy has not yet been described for toes.
We present the case of a 1 ¾ year old boy with a subtotal amputation of the distal phalanx of the big toe after a tabletop had fallen on to it.
Authors : B. Samaila*, A. M. Tijjani, M. A. Abdul-Azeez, and O.W. Olasoji
Exposure to ionizing radiation can have adverse effects on reproduction. This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively assess and summarize
the existing scientific evidence on the impact of exposure to ionizing radiation on the reproductive system. The review focuses on both male and female
reproductive organs, considering various sources of ionizing radiation and their potential effects on fertility, gametogenesis, and overall reproductive health. A
systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published.
Authors : Ravi Shankar B*, Akhil K; Srikant Darisetty; Ramesh Darisetty; Vamsi Krishna Reddy Boddireddy; Naga Sarika V
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder diagnosed based on clinical presentation and endoscopic evidence of inflammation in the
colon and/ or rectum. factors contributing to the complexity.In case of pediatric IBD, genetic differences and inexperience with newer therapies are two
We present the case of a six year old male child with a medical history of refractory Ulcerative colitis.
Authors : Dr. Bensaka Mohammed*
Arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi (LD) tendon transfer has shown promise in patients with posterior superior rotator cuff tears
(PSRCTs). Body mass index (BMI), a modifiable patient factor, may influence outcomes in rotator cuff surgeries. However, its impact on outcomes following
arthroscopically assisted LD transfer remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the relationship between BMI and clinical outcomes in patients
undergoing LD transfer for PSRCTs.
Authors : Dr Khushboo Arora JR-3; Dr Gurmehr Dhillon JR-2; Dr Sukhraj Kaur*
In this case the patient has history of minimal water intake and possible dietary factors may have contributed to the formation of
stone. Additionally the patient’s age and sex may also have contributing factors as uric acid stones are more common in young males. The patient’s symptoms
of renal colic and the presence of black colored stone in the urinary bladder are consistent with the diagnosis of uric acid stones. The stone located in urinary
blader suggests that it may have migrated to bladder from kidneys or formed in blader itself.
Authors : Brian Kenny*
A 67-year-old male with a medical history of congestive heart failure (CHF), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and polysubstance abuse presented to
the emergency department with mid- to upper-sternal chest pain ongoing for approximately one day. During his evaluation, he also endorsed a new onset of
left lower quadrant abdominal pain and post-prandial vomiting.
Authors : Sujitraj Sheth*
Physician Himmatrao Saluba Bawaskar, has come to the light for his pioneering medical research work on the scorpion sting envenomation
treatment that helped to save millions of lives of poor, marginalized communities not only in rural India but also in several other countries in middle east, Africa,
Brazil, Mexico, where poisonous scorpion stings are prevalent. His treatment approaches drastically reduced fatality rate to 1%. At his private hospital in a
small town, Mahad located in western Maharashtra in India, he has conducted research with his own funds which led to innovation and created inspiration
among physicians to treat scorpion sting victims, those were previously neglected and untreated for centuries.
Authors : Z.M Anka, Abdul rauf I*, Isiya I, S.N Gimba
Cola drink is a carbonated non-alcohol soft drink with complex mixtures, containing different chemical substances such as color combinations, flavoring
agents, additives, preservatives, sweetener and caffeine. They are usually mixed with water (H2O) plus 1-3% liquid carbon dioxide (CO2), 3-5% liquid
sugar, acidified to 2.4-4.0 pH, emulsifiers and flavors (Ashurst et al.1998). Sugar is one of the simplest forms of carbohydrate. It is made up the simple sugars,
fructose and glucose. Simple sugar (glucose) was discovered independently by
German and Russian chemist.
Authors : Naima Ait mouddene*, Wiaam Elkhattabi, Salma Msika, Hajar Bamha, Nabil Bougteb, Hajar Arfaoui, Hicham Afif
Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignant hematologic disorder characterized by abnormal monoclonal plasma cell proliferation in the bone
marrow. While its etiology remains unclear, no direct correlation has been established between prior trauma and the development of plasma cell dyscrasia
at the same site. However, some cases have suggested a possible association.
Authors : Elachi FA*; Ogbara OE; Aboki AD; Evule CL; Mukaddas H; Azaki D
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal infections are important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality globally.1 Spontaneous Bacterial
Peritonitis (SBP) most likely represents the final point in the wide clinical spectrum of ascetic fluid infection.2,3 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is an
infection of the ascetic fluid that cannot be attributable to any intraabdominal, ongoing inflammatory or surgically correctable condition.
Authors : Dr. Aun Ali; Dr. Madeeha Shahid,*; Dr. Pirhay Fatma; Dr. Yousuf Ali Lakdawala; Dr. Muhammad Ahmed
Bowel obstruction is a surgical emergency that remains a challenge, both diagnostic and management-wise. Post-operative adhesions, congenital or
acquired bands, and obstructed hernia are common causes. In developing countries like Pakistan tuberculosis is another important cause. Intestinal
tumors remain the rare cause of particularly small bowel obstruction as one can’t think of these initially. And the presentation of intestinal obstruction is
also variable, cardinal features of abdominal pain, distension, vomiting and obstipation not seen in all cases.
Authors : Halima Dziri*, Hamida Romdhane, Mohamed Ali cherni and Dorra Ben Sellem
The assessment of heart diseases is controversial, a fact that may be interpreted by the influence of left ventricle (LV) dysfunction [1]. Many
indicators may be helpful to characterize cardiac function during contraction, as the quantification of the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) but their feasibility
is not enough for the doctor's decision. For this reason, the efficient diagnosis consists of tracking the left ventricle kinetics and the detection of the abnormal
contractility such as hypokinesia.
Authors : I Wayan Agus Surya Pradnyana*, Kadek Agus Wijaya, Ni Luh Putu Primadi
Endometriosis refers to the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue. Extrapelvic endometriosis can manifest as distinct mass known as abdominal
wall endometrioma (AWE). Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific and variable nature of clinical symptoms. Awareness of this entity can help make
early diagnosis and treatment.
Authors : Massimo Bolognesi MD*
Myocarditis is one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes. According to current international recommendations, athletes should generally
refrain from competitive sports for three to six months after experiencing myocarditis. However, this period may be extended to 12 months in complicated
cases. This recommendation is based on limited evidence, primarily from autopsy studies and expert opinion. The uncertainty stems from the fact
that suspending athletes for prolonged periods can disrupt their training and competitions, potentially resulting in decreased performance and an inability
to compete.
Authors : Mor Levi Rivka*
Hospitalization following a head injury is associated with high rates of disability that have a strong correlation with depression, anxiety, and low
self-esteem. Well-being is related to life satisfaction, quality of life, happiness, personal growth and flourishing, competence, self-acceptance, positive
relationships, and autonomy. The well-being of patients and their main caregiver is important when a patient is left with impaired mobility after neurosurgery
Authors : Enrique HC*; Jessica SS; Luisa MND; Juan MTP
Non-tubal ectopic pregnancy (EE) accounts for 5% of pregnancies, and cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) accounts for up to 0.1%, with unknown
etiology and sometimes life-threatening (1,2,3). The first case was reported by Schneider in 1817. Later, in 1911, Rubin published the histological criteria
for its diagnosis; in 1959, Palmar and McElin described the clinical criteria, and Ushakov described the diagnostic ultrasound criteria in the 1990s (2,4,5). In
Colombia, Velez and Tamara reported one case of cervical ectopic pregnancy, corresponding to 1.2% of cases in a series of 82 patients between 1993 and
1998.
Authors : Maryam Sharifi Luyeh, Ebrahim Nasiri, Arash Zaminy, Mehran nasiri,
Mehrdad Asgari*
The axillary artery (AA) serves as a critical vascular conduit for the upper limb, with branching patterns subject to developmental variations that carry
significant clinical implications. This case report describes an unusual branching pattern seen in the left AA of a male corpse that was 77 years old. While the
first part of the AA followed the classical branching pattern, the second part exhibited a rare deviation: instead of the typical thoracoacromial (TAA) and
lateral thoracic arteries (LTA), three branches emerged—the LTA, subscapular artery (SA), and posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA).
Authors : Dr.Deivys Rodríguez Navarro. Dr.Saraima Kendra Guerra bal
Pregnancy and childbirth care practices vary widely between countries, institutions and the different teams in charge of obstetric care: in
this context with such diverse practices, evidence-based clinical practice allows the actions of professionals to those in charge of obstetric care is based on the
best available evidence where cervical ripening/induction of labor is indicated when there is some maternal or fetal risk that, if the pregnancy continues, is
greater than the risk of birth early or before the spontaneous onset of labor.
Authors : Ishan Mishrsa, Jyoti, Sonia, Ranjan Kumar Singh*, Dr. Rajeswari Tanniru,Dr. Chennu MM Prasada Rao
The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a natural lip balm utilizing polyherbal ingredients. The formulation incorporates cocoa butter,
coconut oil, castor oil, honey, aloe vera gel, beetroot extract, pomegranate extract, rose oil, and vitamin E oil to provide moisturizing, antioxidant, and
healing benefits. A total of 80 millilitres of lip balm was prepared following a stepwise method: melting the base ingredients, followed by the addition
of humectants and heat-sensitive herbal extracts at controlled temperatures to preserve their bioactive properties. The herbal extracts not only impart
therapeutic effects but also act as natural colorants and fragrance enhancers.
Authors : Abdelrazak Mansour Ali*, Mohamed Abdel Tawab Ibrahim, Radwa Abdelrazak Ali
Religion continues to exert a significant influence on the conceptualization of health and disease. In many societies around the world, beliefs in supernatural
phenomena, including spiritual entities such as Satan and Jinn remain prevalent. Within this context, certain frameworks suggest that such entities
may be metaphorically or energetically associated with natural energy forces, such as microwave-generated ultrasound due to its capacity to generate heat
and influence biological systems. Speculatively, it has been proposed that Satan could manifest through technological systems involving ultrasound and thermal
energy. One hypothesis posits that focused ultrasound exposure may induce transient pore formation in cellular membranes, thereby increasing intracellular
calcium influx.
Authors : Ashchina L.A*, Baranova N.I, Lesina O.N, Mikuliak N.I
COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for recognition of viral particles and activation of the
innate immune system, and play an important role in susceptibility to COVID-19. TLRs have been shown to be involved in the cytokine storm characteristic of
severe COVID-19, and different expression patterns have been associated with COVID-19 progression [1]. For example, TLR3 expression was lower in patients
with severe COVID-19 compared to patients with mild COVID-19. In addition, TLR4 expression was higher in patients with COVID-19 [2]. The role of TLR 2, 4,
7, 8, and 9 polymorphisms is known in patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalisation.
Authors : Mamane Taïbou Tanimoune*, Bjane Oussama, Mouad El Badre, Nachid
Abdallah, Pr Kbirou A, Pr Moataz A, Pr Debbagh A, Pr Dakir M, Pr Aboutaeib R
Buschke-Löwenstein tumor is a rare, locally aggressive disease of the penis. It can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma if not treated early. We report
the case of a 74-year-old patient with a history of emasculation for squamous
cell carcinoma of the penis on Buschke tumor, who presented with a local
recurrence. Through this observation, we discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic,
and evolutionary aspects of this pathology.
Authors : Farhana Rahman, Rabeya Basri, Md. Naimur Rahaman, Md. Roki Hossen, Mahbuba Haque, Enamul, Md. Shakil Ahmed, and Md. Atiqur Rahman*
Women's health is a key driver of public health and national
development. In 2023, over 700 women died daily from preventable pregnancyrelated causes, with more than 90% occurring in low- and lower-middle-income
countries. Maternal, neonatal, and adolescent health outcomes remain central
to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly targets 3.1,
3.2, and 3.7.
Authors : Qingpeng Li*, Bo Peng, Yongyuan Li, Shuyuan Li, Jiajun Pan,Weimin Qian
Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a classic condition encountered in emergency centers as well as primary care and respiratory physicians, and
the association of IL1A with the risk of SP remains unknown.
Authors : Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André*, Njiki-Bikoï Jacky, Carole Stephanie Sake Ngane, Sara Honorine Riwom Essama
The global burden of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to
rise; However, Sub-Saharan Africa are the most affected by it. The status of HBV
in pregnant women is essential for the effective management of the disease
and the prevention of mother to child transmission. This study explores, the
prevalence of HBsAg and risks factors associated.
Authors : Curtis Hanchard*; Wayne Myrie
In experiments on 30 white female rats weighing 180-220 g, the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 3 ata (303.6 kPa), 50 min. on the urea-increting
function of the liver and the urea-excreting function of the kidneys during liver resection (LR, 15-20% of the organ mass) was studied. HBO was used 4-8,
24 and 48 hours after LR. The studies were conducted on the 3rd day of the postoperative period. RP reduced the incretion of urea from the operated organ
into the bloodstream, which was accompanied by a decrease in its excretion of urea from the body with urine. As a result, the concentration of urea in arterial
blood remained within the normal range.
Authors : Curtis Hanchard*; Wayne Myrie
Bud rot, caused by Phytophthora sp., poses a significant threat to coconut palm production in tropical regions. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of the
commercial fungicide Pilarzox (containing the active ingredients Cyazofamid and Cymoxanil) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract against Phytophthora
isolates obtained from symptomatic coconut palms in St. Mary, Jamaica. Using the poisoned agar technique, three independent Phytophthora isolates were
tested in five technical replicates across ten concentrations (0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm).
Authors : Bazo Medina Jessica M*, Castaño Guerra Rodolfo de Jesus, Ayala
Hernández Eduardo, Alvarado Ávila J. Cesar, Muñoz Reyes Pamela M
A stroke is an ischemic injury of brain tissue, usually secondary to the occlusion of blood flow in any branch, collateral or main, of the central nervous system
circulation. The signs and symptoms of a stroke depend on the affected territory. Beyond anti-ischemic treatment, the care of a stroke patient requires
a thorough analysis of the various possible causes, with laboratory and imaging studies aimed at an etiological diagnosis based on each patient's characteristics
and clinical history. Cerebrovascular events in a young, healthy patient are rare, and given their morbidity at early age, identifying their origin is essential.
Authors : Miguel Vassallo Palermo, Aquiles Ramon Molero Chacón*, Maria
Milagros Riera , José Leonardo Morao Pompilli, Elena Sophia Hernández Rodríguez, Siolibet Eliuxa Mendoza García
Surgery has been part of the development of human knowledge, and its evolution has accompanied the social, economic, and cultural changes of
history. The current technological revolution has enabled extraordinary advances that seemed impossible decades ago. Minimally invasive surgery
has been associated with the use of robotic surgery, which is now part of the surgical arsenal, providing the surgeon with unparalleled precision and control
during complex interventions. The use of artificial intelligence helps make better decisions, offering real-time predictive analysis during surgery.
Authors : Roberts Bruno*; Provitina María Paz; Rudi Verónica; Saibene Valentina
Prolonged weaning, characterized by a delayed separation from mechanical ventilation, is associated with significant complications and
high mortality rates. Diaphragmatic weakness emerges as a common cause of weaning failure, affecting a large percentage of patients. In response to this
challenge, respiratory muscle training presents a promising strategy.
Authors : O. Bjane*, A. Tmiri, M. El Badr, T. Taïbou ,A.Kbiro,A. Moataz , M. Dakir ,
A. Debbagh, R. Aboutaieb
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe necrotizing infection characterized by gas formation within the renal parenchyma, typically
affecting diabetic or immunocompromised patients. Its association with cystic renal tumors (Bosniak IV) is rare and complicates both diagnosis and
management. We present a challenging case of EPN complicating a Bosniak IV cystic renal cell carcinoma, highlighting the interplay between infectious and
oncologic priorities.
Authors : Dr. Asiye Merve Erdogan
Malignant salivary gland neoplasms present a significant diagnostic challenge, requiring the integration of clinical, radiological, and pathological
assessments. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare malignant neoplasm that exhibits a biphasic histopathological pattern. Although the major
salivary glands are most commonly affected, EMC can also involve minor salivary glands and, in rare instances, the seromucous glands of the upper aerodigestive
tract.
Authors : Dr. Mohammed Khalid Hussein Khalid, Mahassin Almahi Balla Fadilalla*, Mohammed Khalid Hussein Khalid
COVID-19 has impacted the nursing education system worldwide, especially clinical practicum for teachers and learners. To solve this problem,
courses in nursing schools across the globe, including those in Khartoum, had to close their doors and meet the World Health Organization and the local
guidelines for safety and continuity of Education during the pandemic.
Authors : Dr.Khajik Sirob Yaqob Qazaryan* , Dr. Nizar Bakir Al-Mezori, PhD, Dr. Muayad Aghali, PhD
Trillions of symbiotic microbial cells reside within our bodies, primarily in the human gut, and these microorganisms play a crucial role in our overall
health. They are essential contributors to our wellbeing, and alterations in the microbiome have been linked to various diseases. Recent studies have begun
to illuminate intriguing connections between changes in gut microbiota and neurological disorders, emphasizing the significant interplay between our gut
and brain. The microbiome–gut–brain axis—comprising neuronal, endocrine, metabolic, and immunological pathways—serves as a critical link between
these two domains, reflecting the remarkable complexity of our biology.
Authors : Dr. Khajik Sirob Yaqob Qazaryan*, Dr. Noor Saadi Yousif Akash, Dr Suwar Hassan Mohammed, Dr. Ali Alsarhan, Dr Khaled Mohammed
Al-mukdad, Dr Taher Obaid Ali
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing significantly in recent years. ASD typically manifests during childhood,
characterized by atypical behaviors and developmental challenges. The diagnostic process for ASD can be complex, particularly due to the presence
of comorbid conditions that may complicate the clinical picture. Firstline interventions for ASD predominantly emphasize non-pharmacological
approaches. Pharmacological treatments are generally not effective for alleviating the core symptoms of autism; however, they may have a supportive
role in managing comorbidities and associated symptoms, such as irritability
and aggression.
Authors : Dr.Khajik Sirob Yaqob Qazaryan*, Dr Fatima Kamal Khalid, Dr Omer Qutaiba B Allela
loyed in the treatment of epilepsy, as well as a range of neuropsychological disorders, including bipolar disorder and the prophylaxis of migraines. This
medication represents a critical therapeutic option, particularly for women of child bearing potential who may have limited alternatives for the effective
management of their conditions. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that prenatal exposure to valproate has been correlated with an increased risk of
neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (4-6).
Authors : Saika Farook; Farhan Muhib; Mir Sajedul Karim; Md. Shariful Alam Jilani
Melioidosis, a fatal infectious disease, prevalent in southeast Asia and Northern Australia, is caused by the soil dwelling gram negative bacilli, Burkholderia
pseudomallei. The disease may present with varied clinical manifestations and without prior knowledge regarding the clinical signs of the infection as well as
detection methods of the causative agent, cases may be missed. Here, we report a case of melioidosis presenting as urinary tract infection in a diabetic patient,
residing in a remote district of Bangladesh where melioidosis was not diagnosed before.
Authors : Dr. Adethen Gunasekaran MD, DNB, DM*; Dr. Jeevasri Calaidrajane MD; Dr. Vivekchandar Chinnarasan MD.DM; Dr. Jerry Jame Joy MD, DM
The incidence of brain abscesses in cyanotic congenital heart disease patients is high due to defects in embryonic development. The associated congenital
anomalies include Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), DORV, and transposition of the great vessels. The complex anatomy and physiology of these conditions is
critical for providing anesthesia to such patients. Key considerations during the perioperative workup involves the through understanding of the complex
anatomy, the presence of associated anomalies and its physiological changes.The pathophysiology of DORV depends on multiple factors. Here, we discuss
a case of 9-year-old child with uncorrected DORV who developed cerebellar abscess.The anaesthetic challenges encountered and the strategies employed
during the case have been detailed.
Authors : Muskan Qureshi*, Mitushi Deshmukh, Nikita Zanwar
Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a rare malignant tumour that develops from the squamous cells of the eyelid epidermis, accounting for
approximately 5-10% of all eyelid malignancies (1). The typical presentations as painless growth characterized by firm nodules or lesions, gradually progressive
most commonly affecting the lower eyelid and lateral canthus. Early detection and appropriate treatment, usually through surgical excision, generally leads
to a good prognosis, though regular monitoring is essential due to the risk of recurrence (2) (3).
Authors : Maja Zaninović, MD*, Koraljka Manestar Rukavina, MD, Kristina Baraba Dekanić, MD, Dorotea Drašković, MD, Iva Bilić Čače, MD, PhD
Massive upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in preterm neonates represents a critical emergency requiring early recognition and prompt hemodynamic
stabilization. Common causes in this population include critical illness such as sepsis, vitamin K deficiency bleeding, certain medications, such as non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, and mechanical trauma. Evaluation involves a thorough history and physical examination, supported by
laboratory investigations focusing on complete blood count and coagulation profiles.
Authors : Dr Svetlana Jovic Lackovic*
Autologous transfusion involves the collection of whole blood from the patient before the scheduled surgery, its preservation, storage and
distribution in case of need for transfusion treatment. In rare antigen phenotypes on erythrocytes, and especially in the presence of rare antierythrocyte
antibodies in the patient's serum, it is the only way for the patient to undergo surgery and be transfused if necessary.
Authors : Andrija Kostic, Milica Pantic, Nikola Savic
Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a rare neurological condition with paroxysmal diplopia due to myotonic contraction of extraocular muscle as its main clinical feature. It can involve almost any extraocular muscle. It
occurs most often after the application of radiation therapy in the region of the neck and head, then with compression of nerves of vascular or meningeal
origin, with autoimmune disease, and it can also be of idiopathic origin. In the following case report, we describe bilateral ocular neuromyotonia most likely of
autoimmune origin (Rheumatoid arthritis).
Authors : Issabayev D.O., Surdin D.A., Makhambetov Y.T., Olenbay G.Y
Giant basilar artery (BA) aneurysms are uncommon. Frequently, aneurysms with a diameter of at least 25 mm have atheromatous plaques and are partially
thrombosed. There are some problems in the treatment of giant aneurysms,especially when the aneurysm is localized in the posterior circulation, because
ischemia of affected brain area might be caused by clipping or coil embolization. In addition, there are no guidelines for antiplatelet therapy in case of flow divert
stenting within child and adolescents’ population.
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Jinwei Zhang
Associate Professor in Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
Key Research: Pharmacology and Physiology
Shesnia Salim
Consultant Radiologist, MD in Radio-diagnosis and Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
Key Research: Neuroradiology
Guoping Jiang
School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Key Research:
Bhari Sharanesha Manjunatha
College of Dentistry, University of Taif, Al Hawaiah, Saudi Arabia
Key Research:
Aydin H
Radiology,Turkey
Key Research: Non- vascular intervention, MR Imaging, Neuroradiology, Genitourinary Radiology, Thorax and Abdominopelvic Radiology, Power Lifting-Diving-Swimming-Travelling
Mantzoros Ioannis
Department of General Surgery of A.U.TH., General Hospital ‘G.Papanikolaou', Greece
Key Research: Medicine and Surgery
Anne-Marie Rodriguez
Mesenchymal stem cells, tissue repair mechanisms, mitochondria transfer and metabolism, Université Paris-Est Créteil France
Key Research: Mesenchymal stem cells, tissue repair mechanisms, mitochondria transfer and metabolism
Trumfa Ilze
Professor and Head of the Department of Pathology in Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
Key Research: Tumour pathology, inflammation, cancer microenvironment, immunohistochemistry, systemic inflammatory reaction and liquid biopsy
Zhou Teng
Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (Shantou University), Ministry of Education, Shantou, China
Key Research: Noise immune learning, Spatial-Temporal Statistics & Data Science, Deep ensemble learning
Tanveer Mir
Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
Key Research: Internal medicine and allied specialties including cardiology and metabolism
