PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SINGLE BOUT OF MODERATE AND HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL EXERCISE ON SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN YOUNG ADULTS
Farida ahmad, Musarrat Zahra, Farhan Ullah Afridi, Fatma Zulfiqar
Department of medical physiology, University/Organization: Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan.
*Corresponding author
*Farida ahmad, Department: medical physiology, University/Organization: Khyber Girls Medical College,
Peshawar, Pakistan.
DOI: 10.55920/JCRMHS.2022.01.001050
Table 1: Forward Digit Span Test Scores After Exercise

Figure 1: Forward Digit Span Test Scores before and after exercise FDST = Forward digit span test, M1=before moderate exercise, M2= after moderate exercise, H1= before high intensity interval exercise, H2 =after high intensity interval exercise
- Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health reports 1985;100:126.
- Medicine ACoS. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
- Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1· 9 million participants. The lancet global health 2018;6:e1077-e86.
- Fisher G, Brown AW, Brown MMB, Alcorn A, Noles C, Winwood L, et al. High intensity interval-vs moderate intensity-training for improving cardiometabolic health in overweight or obese males: a randomized controlled trial. PloS one 2015;10:e0138853.
- Smith AL, Biddle S. Youth physical activity and sedentary behavior: challenges and solutions: Human Kinetics; 2008.
- Bartlett JD, Close GL, MacLaren DP, Gregson W, Drust B, Morton JP. High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence. Journal of sports sciences 2011;29:547-53.
- Heisz JJ, Tejada MGM, Paolucci EM, Muir C. Enjoyment for high-intensity interval exercise increases during the first six weeks of training: implications for promoting exercise adherence in sedentary adults. PloS one 2016;11:e0168534.
- Saucedo Marquez CM, Vanaudenaerde B, Troosters T, Wenderoth N. High-intensity interval training evokes larger serum BDNF levels compared with intense continuous exercise. Journal of applied physiology 2015;119:1363-73.
- Lucas SJ, Cotter JD, Brassard P, Bailey DM. High-intensity interval exercise and cerebrovascular health: curiosity, cause, and consequence. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2015;35:902-11.
- Kao S-C, Drollette ES, Ritondale JP, Khan N, Hillman CH. The acute effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on declarative memory and inhibitory control. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2018;38:90-9.
- Calverley TA, Ogoh S, Marley CJ, Steggall M, Marchi N, Brassard P, et al. HIITing the brain with exercise: mechanisms, consequences and practical recommendations. The Journal of Physiology 2020.
- Martland R, Mondelli V, Gaughran F, Stubbs B. Can high-intensity interval training improve physical and mental health outcomes? A meta-review of 33 systematic reviews across the lifespan. Journal of sports sciences 2020;38:430-69.
- Paas F, Ayres P. Cognitive load theory: A broader view on the role of memory in learning and education. Educational Psychology Review 2014;26:191-5.
- McKeachie WJ, Brewer CL. The teaching of psychology: Essays in honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie and Charles L. Brewer: Taylor & Francis; 2002.
- Alharbi A. Enhancing the phonological working memory capacity through classroombased instruction to develop EFL/ESL learning and teaching. International Journal of English Language Teaching 2015;3:53-65.
- Stevens C, Bavelier D. The role of selective attention on academic foundations: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Developmental cognitive neuroscience 2012;2:S30-S48.
- Cohen Y, Lachenmeyer JR, Springer C. Anxiety and selective attention in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 2003;41:1311-23.
- Levinoff EJ, Li KZ, Murtha S, Chertkow H. Selective attention impairments in Alzheimer's disease: evidence for dissociable components. Neuropsychology 2004;18:580.
- Zhou S, Chen X, Wang C, Yin C, Hu P, Wang K. Selective attention deficits in early and moderate stage Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience letters 2012;509:50-5.
- Buehler D. The central executive system. Synthese 2018;195:1969-91.
- Sohlberg MM, Mateer CA. Improving attention and managing attentional problems: Adapting rehabilitation techniques to adults with ADD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2001;931:359-75.
- Mehren A, Reichert M, Coghill D, Müller HH, Braun N, Philipsen A. Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder–evidence and implications for the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation 2020;7:1-11.
- Guiney H, Machado L. Benefits of regular aerobic exercise for executive functioning in healthy populations. Psychonomic bulletin & review 2013;20:73-86.
- Labban JD, Etnier JL. Effects of acute exercise on long-term memory. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 2011;82:712-21.
- Thomas S, Reading J, Shephard RJ. Revision of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q). Canadian journal of sport sciences 1992.
- ACSM S. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:975-91.
- Lim JU, Lee JH, Kim JS, Hwang YI, Kim T-H, Lim SY, et al. Comparison of World Health Organization and Asia-Pacific body mass index classifications in COPD patients. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017;12:2465.
- Wechsler D. Wechsler memory scale (WMS-III): Psychological corporation San Antonio, TX; 1997.
- Bahdur K, Gilchrist R, Park G, Nina L, Pruna R. Effect of HIIT on cognitive and physical performance. Apunts Medicina de l'Esport 2019;54:113-7.
- Bullock T, Giesbrecht B. Acute exercise and aerobic fitness influence selective attention during visual search. Frontiers in Psychology 2014;5:1290.
- Baghaei P, Ravand H, Nadri M. Is the d2 test of attention Rasch scalable? Analysis with the Rasch Poisson counts model. Perceptual and motor skills 2019;126:70-86.
- Walsh JJ, Dunlap C, Miranda J, Thorp DB, Kimmerly DS, Tschakovsky M, et al. Brief, high-intensity interval exercise improves selective attention in university students. International Journal of Exercise Science 2018;11:152-67.
- Alves CR, Tessaro VH, Teixeira LA, Murakava K, Roschel H, Gualano B, et al. Influence of acute high-intensity aerobic interval exercise bout on selective attention and short-term memory tasks. Perceptual and motor skills 2014;118:63-72.
- Lambrick D, Stoner L, Grigg R, Faulkner J. Effects of continuous and intermittent exercise on executive function in children aged 8–10 years. Psychophysiology 2016;53:1335-42.
- Tsukamoto H, Suga T, Takenaka S, Tanaka D, Takeuchi T, Hamaoka T, et al. Repeated high-intensity interval exercise shortens the positive effect on executive function during post-exercise recovery in healthy young males. Physiology & behavior 2016;160:26-34.
- Kashihara K, Maruyama T, Murota M, Nakahara Y. Positive effects of acute and moderate physical exercise on cognitive function. Journal of physiological anthropology 2009;28:155-64.
- Ide K, Secher NH. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Progress in neurobiology 2000;61:397-414.
- McMorris T, Collard K, Corbett J, Dicks M, Swain J. A test of the catecholamines hypothesis for an acute exercise–cognition interaction. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008;89:106-15.
- Wahn B, König P. Is attentional resource allocation across sensory modalities task-dependent? Advances in cognitive psychology 2017.